#how to bypass administrator restrictions windows 10

[techtired]

How to Set Up a Proxy Server on a Windows 10 Computer

Maintaining privacy and accessing region-specific content online often necessitates using a proxy server in today's digital world. A proxy server acts as an intermediary between your computer and the internet, allowing you to browse anonymously and bypass geographical restrictions. This article provides a comprehensive guide on how to set up a proxy server on a Windows 10 computer. Additionally, we'll explore alternative methods for proxy configuration, helping you determine the easiest and most effective approach for your needs. How to Set Up a Proxy on a Windows 10 Computer You must have a working proxy server before proceeding with the setup. If you don't have one, Proxy5.net offers proxies that support HTTP, HTTPS, and SOCKS5, making it easy to set up on your Windows 10 computer and ensuring a reliable connection. Setting up a proxy server on a Windows 10 computer is straightforward if you follow these step-by-step instructions. Here’s how to do it: Step 1: Open Settings - Click the Start button. - Select the Settings icon (the gear-shaped symbol) from the menu. Step 2: Go to Network & Internet In the Settings window, choose Network & Internet. Step 3: Open Proxy Settings From the left-hand menu, select Proxy. Step 4: Manual Proxy Setup - Scroll down to the Manual Proxy Setup section. - Toggle the Use a proxy server switch to On. Step 5: Enter Proxy Server Information - In the Address field, enter the IP address of the proxy server. - In the Port field, enter the port number provided by your proxy service. Step 6: Save Changes After entering the necessary details, click Save to apply the changes. Step 7: Test the Proxy Connection Open your web browser and visit a website to ensure the proxy settings work correctly. Alternative Methods to Set Up a Proxy on Windows 10 There are several other ways to configure a proxy server on a Windows 10 computer. Here are five alternative methods: 1. Using Internet Options - Open Control Panel: Type Control Panel in the search bar and open it. - Select Network and Internet: Click on Network and Internet, then select Internet Options. - Configure Proxy: Go to the Connections tab in the Internet Properties window and click LAN settings. You can enable the proxy server by entering the address and port number. 2. Using a Proxy Auto-Configuration (PAC) File - Download PAC File: Obtain a PAC file URL from your proxy provider. - Enter PAC URL: In the Proxy settings (Settings > Network & Internet > Proxy), under Automatic proxy setup, toggle Use setup script to On and enter the PAC file URL. 3. Using Command Prompt - Open Command Prompt: Type cmd in the search bar and run as administrator. - Enter Command: Use the netsh winhttp set proxy :command to set up the proxy. Replaceandwith your proxy details. 4. Using a VPN with Built-in Proxy - Install VPN Software: Download a VPN service with a proxy option. - Configure Proxy: Follow the VPN’s instructions to set up and use their proxy settings. 5. Using Third-Party Proxy Software - Download Proxy Software: Install third-party software like Proxifier or ProxyCap. - Configure Proxy: Use the software’s interface to configure your proxy settings according to their guidelines. Of these methods, the Manual Proxy Setup via the Windows 10 Settings is typically the most straightforward for most users. However, using a PAC file can benefit those needing automatic configurations, and third-party software offers more advanced options for specific needs. Setting up a proxy server on a Windows 10 computer enhances online privacy and allows access to region-specific content. Whether you choose the manual setup method through Windows 10 settings or explore alternative methods like PAC files, Command Prompt, VPNs, or third-party software, this guide provides the necessary steps to get started. Ultimately, the manual setup is often the easiest for beginners, while advanced users may prefer more customizable options. FAQs What is a proxy server? A proxy server is an intermediary between your computer and the internet, providing anonymity and enabling access to restricted content. Why should I use a proxy server on Windows 10? Using a proxy server enhances online privacy, allows access to geo-restricted content, and can improve security. Can I set up a proxy server on Windows 10 without administrative rights? No, setting up a proxy server typically requires administrative privileges on the computer. How do I know if my proxy server is working correctly? You can test your proxy server by visiting websites and checking if your IP address has changed to the proxy’s IP address. Can I use an accessible proxy server on Windows 10? Yes, you can use free proxy servers, but be cautious as they may not be as secure or reliable as paid services. What should I do if my proxy server is not working? Check your proxy settings for accuracy, ensure your internet connection is active, and contact your proxy service provider for support. Read the full article

[fixinghacks]

HOW TO BYPASS ADMIN RESTRICTIONS WINDOWS 10

Windows 10 has different levels of user accounts for multiple users. The accessibility level is different for different user accounts. Standard users can modify their files except for modifying other user’s documents or preferences such as personalization, installing or uninstalling apps, and changing system settings.

However, as a standard user, you will sometimes need the admin rights to change system settings or install a new app. Most users access by disabling UAC settings or granting other users administrative authority. And none of the methods are safe.

We’ve researched and found the easiest, effective, and comparatively safe methods on how to bypass admin restrictions windows 10 here for you. Keep reading to learn about them.

Administrator Privileges and User Account Control

Different apps require a different set of permissions for proper functionality. Although some applications need no special permissions, some require admin privileges to add or modify logs, configs, or other system files.

When you install or run an app, the User Access Control dialog box pops up, asking for admin permission. UAC is a security feature of Windows 10 that controls how system files are modified. Unauthorized third-party apps can corrupt your system by injecting viruses, malware, adware, etc. UAC shields the network from unauthorized changes to the operating system.

Some of the Tasks that require admin permission:

Getting Windows Update

User accounts modification

App folder located in C:\Program Files (x86)\ or C:\WIndows\ directory.

Viewing or changing properties of other users.

Installing or uninstalling software

Task Scheduler

Windows Firewall

Family Safety or Parental Controls

Admin Restrictions on Standard User Accounts

Most apps modify your WIndows’ system files. Viruses or malware in unauthorized third-party apps corrupt the system files. Your privacy is highly vulnerable to them as well.

Admin restriction plays an essential role in protecting your entire system. Not only preventing unauthorized changes, but this feature also controls the way other users use your computer. The administrator account can control other user accounts in many ways, such as:

Network Access: Controlling the access or blockage of particular websites or IP addresses.

Installation and Uninstallation Process:  Restriction on installing or uninstalling software.

Task Manager: Control on viewing or changing running processes.

Accessing system files or limitations on overall usage.

3 Easy Ways to Bypass Admin Restrictions on Windows 10

Run Apps by UAC Prompt Elevated

Asking for administrative permission every time you run an installed app can be bothersome. And, what if a password protects it? You can disable this prompt by typing a simple code, and you don’t have to change the UAC settings either.

Let’s consider an executable file available in both of our devices as a reference. The regedit.exe in the C:\Windows\ directory requires authorization every time you try to open it.

As the first step, open the notepad from the search box in the taskbar.

Write the following command line in your notepad:

cmd /min /C “set __COMPAT_LAYER=RUNASINVOKER && start “” %1″

Save the file as “Bypass Admin Restriction.bat” (yes, we’re saving it as BAT format!)

We will force run the EXE file (regedit.exe in this case) with UAC prompt elevated. Drag and drop the file on the newly created Bypass Admin Restriction.bat file.

Now you should be able to run apps without admin privilege. The UAC Virtualization column on the process tab under Task Manager also shows if the app is running without admin privileges. You can use it for any executable file.

Enable Built-in Administrator to Overwrite Access

Built-in Administrator is the default “hidden administrator” account created during Windows setup. It remains disabled by default. You can change the password or access any file by enabling this feature.

Type “lusmgr.msc” in the Task manager’s search bar to open the “Local Users and Groups” window. (You can go to Start>Control Panel>Administrative Tools>Computer Management>Local Users and Groups alternatively)

Click on “Users” on the left panel. You’ll see the user account list on the right side- open Administrator by double click.

Uncheck the “Account is disabled” option and save it by clicking Apply.

Now close all windows and login to your built-in Administrator account from the lock screen.

Now you can bypass admin restriction on your windows 10.

Changing Administrator Password

There are multiple ways to change administrative passwords on Windows 10. Here are the two easiest methods of unlocking your account fast:

Bypass Windows 10 Administrator Password in Safe Mode

Resetting the password by using safe mode is the oldest method. This method allows you to accomplish your goal without any external device. We’ll be overwriting two essential system files ‘cmd.exe and sethc.exe” here.

1. Force restart your computer by unplugging the power cord (desktop) or removing the battery (laptop). Repeat until you see “Preparing Automatic Repair”.

2. Your system will run a diagnosis. A new window titled “Advanced Options” will appear after the completion of the diagnosis.

3. At this stage, proceed to Advanced options>Troubleshoot>Command Prompt. In the command prompt, go to the system directory. Type “dir” to confirm if you’re in the system directory. If you’re not in the right directory, point to the system drive using the below codes:

cd\

cd windows\system32

4. Now make a backup copy of sethc.exe and then overwrite the existing sethc.exe with cmd.exe file using the codes written below:

copy sethc.exe sethc_copy.exe

copy /y cmd.exe sethc.exe

5. Restart your computer. When you see the user login window, press the Shift key 5 times repeatedly. Doing so will open a new command prompt window.

Type “net user” to see all user accounts. In this step, we’re going to change the administrator password. Type “net user [name of the user] [password]” to change the password.

6. Now, restart your computer and log in with the new password.

Note: You’ll lose access to all encrypted files after resetting the password the way we mentioned above. Confirm there’s no sensitive file encrypted under that account.

Bypass Admin Password Windows 10 via MSDaRT

Another effective way to recover your administrator password is using Microsoft Diagnostics and Recovery Toolset (MSDaRT). Wondering how to bypass admin restrictions on windows 10 using this toolset? Our easy guide will turn you into a Password Recovery Expert in the next 5 minutes.

1. Download MSDaRT from Microsoft’s website.

2. Burn the tool using a portable device (i.e., USB drive). Boot the computer using the DaRT drive. Click “No” on “NetStart prompt”.

3. Choose language. Load the Windows 10 operating system and move to the next step.

4. Click on “Microsoft Diagnostics and Recovery toolset” at the bottom of your recovery window.

5. Click on “Locksmith” under the DaRT tool. Then click next.

6. Now select your Administrator’s account and reset your password.

Restart and login to your user account with the fresh password.

Conclusion

We intended to share the easiest ways to bypass admin restrictions on Windows 10 with you for learning purposes. We do not recommend using any of these methods unless there is a serious necessity. Changing the natural process can affect the files stored inside your computer.

Microsoft also recommends keeping the built-in Administrator account disabled on the client computer for security. Enable Admin Approval Mode as well if you need to enable a built-in administrator account. Remembering the password or asking your administrator for approval is the best practice of all.

FAQs

Q: How do I bypass admin restrictions on Windows 10?

A: The administrator account has full control over the computer, such as blocking other users from various functions. However, you can escape these restrictions in multiple ways. Turning off the UAC prompts, getting admin privileges from built-in admin, or even breaking the passwords.

Q: Can I bypass admins privileges as a standard user by using startup repair only?

A: Yes, it is possible to bypass admin privileges as a standard user. Go to safe mode and select startup repair. Follow the instructions provided in this guide to elevate the restrictions successfully.

Q: How do I install programs without UAC prompts?

A: You can elevate the prompts from UAC settings. Go to Control Panel> User Accounts (small icons)> User Accounts Control Settings. A new window will open. Turn the slider all the way down to never notify. However, doing so will put your computer at risk of a security breach.

[ufc257news]

UFC 257 is around the bend. For the die-hard fans of MMA, the UFC 257 is one of the most anticipated occasions on the planet. There’s an extraordinary explanation that you would prefer not to miss to watch UFC 257. It is because this battle card will include the headliner that includes Poirier vs McGregor.

The Ultimate Fighting Champion creates the UFC: McGregor versus Poirier 2. It will happen on November 21, 2020, in Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Joined Middle Easterner Emirates. It is not exactly a month until you will observe the critical point in time that will happen when the two best lightweight warriors meet inside the octagon.

UFC 257 Main Card

The significant card on the occasion is the battle between Dustin Poirier against Conor McGregor. The other battle in the principle card is between Jessica Eye against Joanne Calderwood. The third principle card occasion of UFC 257 is the battle between Michelle Waterson against Amanda Ribas. The other battle which is on the principle card is the battle between Shane Burgos against Hakeem Dawodu.

UFC 257 Prelims

The starter battle of UFC 257 is the experience between Brad Tavares against Antonio Carlos Junior and the battle will be a middleweight occasion overall occasion. The other primer experience under that card is the middleweight battle between Andrew Sanchez against Andre Muniz. As said before this experience is a middleweight occasion.

Joanne Calderwood vs. Jessica Eye Amanda Ribas vs. Michelle Waterson Ottman Azaitar vs. Matt Frevola Antonio Carlos Junior vs. Brad Tavares Nasrat Haqparast vs. Arman Tsarukyan

Early prelim event

The early primer occasion of that card incorporates the experience between Arman Tsarukyan against Nasrat Haqparast and the battle is a lightweight occasion around the world. The other early starter occasion is the experience between Ottman Azaitar against Matt Frevola and it is a lightweight occasion. Moreover, there is the bantamweight occasion occurring at that scene and it is the experience between Umar Nurmagomedov against Sergey Morozov who is of Russian birthplace. Under a similar card is the battle between Amir Albazi against Zhalgas Zhumagulov.

Everything You Need To Know About UFC 257

Where is the UFC 257?

The impending battle will occur at the Streak Gathering on the UFC Summit office in Las Vegas, Nevada, US.

What time is the UFC 257 Start?

Remember that the authorities would declare the time in neighborhood timing. It happens at 10:00 PM neighborhood time in Abu Dhabi. Convert to your time region with the goal that you won’t miss the exhibition.

How can I bypass ESPN blackout Restrictions?

Truly, you can. Utilize dependable and solid VPN administration and associate with the US worker to open the administration.

How to Order UFC 257 PPV on ESPN?

You simply need to go to the ESPN site, click “purchase now” and adhere to the directions until complete.

How much is the UFC 257 PPV?

The UFC 257 PPV costs $64.99.

How to Watch UFC 257 Live Stream?

Viewing UFC 257 Live online as a result of the pandemic? Have no concern since you can watch UFC 257 through your #1 medium with no issue. ESPN+ has maintained all authority to communicate the full occasion.

On the off chance that you are up to watch the starter battles, you could tune into the UFC Battle Pass, FOX Sports, just like ESPN. For both of the alternatives endorsers, you could tune into your number one channel to watch the starter battles that will shock you. In any case, for the headliner, you need to buy the PPV ahead of time.

On the off chance that you have bought into ESPN+, you simply need to buy the PPV. If you are not an endorser, you should buy into the ESPN+ administration or pick the group that can profit you the most.

Visit the official site of ESPN. Discover the ESPN+ and hit the “Purchase Presently” Catch. You should make an ESPN account if you haven’t bought in.

At that point, you can adhere to the on-screen directions to save your alternative to watching the impending UFC 257. ESPN+ will stream the session in the market region. Along these lines, ensure that your territory is inside the region inclusion first before continuing.

The PPV cost is $64.99. Yet, with regards to buying from ESPN+, it very well may be somewhat befuddling for both the supporters and non-endorsers. Here is the way the estimating will go basically.

The PPV cost in the US is $64.99. UFC 257 is accessible through PPV on ESPN+.

You should be the supporter first before continuing. You can pick either being the month to month supporter or yearly endorser.

For non-registrants, you could pick a month to month membership, or yearly membership. Yet, there is one much better choice you could consider. The group cost of the UFC 257 is $84.98. This group comprises of the UFC 257 PPV + Yearly Membership. You can set aside a great deal of cash on the off chance that you pick the group.

How to watch UFC 257 in the USA?

Know that the UFC 257 is accessible through the PPV. In the US, you will need to tune into ESPN and buy the PPV through ESPN+. ESPN+ endorsers simply need to continue with the PPV buy. If you are non-supporters, you should buy into either a month to month or yearly membership.

ESPN+ additionally accompanies an incredible arrangement. With UFC 257 Pack that costs $84.98, you will achieve the UFC 257 PPV, in addition to yearly membership of ESPN+. ESPN+ is accessible in various stages. However long you have a fair web association and viable gadget, you won’t have any issue in getting to the administration. Request the UFC 257 through the ESPN+ site. Adhere to the on-screen guidelines to finish your request.

UFC 257 Live Streaming in the UK

The authorities have affirmed that BT Game will direct the transmission for the impending UFC 257. BT Game is accessible on numerous gadgets including the PC, PC, Cell phone, Tablet, Online player, and so forth If you are in the UK, have confidence that you will consistently have the choice to watch your #1 UFC warriors in real life.

Consider getting BT Game Month to month Pass first at that point buying the PPV for UFC 257 and you are all set by at that point. BT Game Application is likewise accessible for cell phone clients. If you are up to watch the session while in a hurry, consider downloading and introduce the application on your gadget. Also, Presto, the alternative is held for you.

How to watch UFC 257 Online in Canada?

People in Canada shouldn’t stress since you will have a lot of alternatives to get the PPV for the UFC 257. You can get the PPV from Telus, Roger, UFC Battle Pass, Videotron, Shaw, or Eastlink. On the off chance that you are a supporter of one of the administrations, you simply need to continue with the PPV.

For the UFC Battle Pass supporter, you can stream the entirety of the occasions, including the PPV. Yet, through this stage, you will even now have to address the PPV at full cost. The beneficial thing here is that you can watch different occasions for nothing including prelim card, early prelims, and UFC Battle Night.

Where to Watch UFC 257 in Australia

The authorities of Australia have affirmed the accessible alternatives for the UFC fans to watch the forthcoming UFC 257 battle. You can pick one of these: Headliner, Bring television, UFC Battle Pass

Battle Pass undoubtedly accompany such incredible substance. You could take this alternative if your attention is just on the UFC occasions including the prelim card, early prelims, and UFC Battle Night. The UFC Battle Pass likewise conveys to you the phenomenal experience of the UFC fans. You will get the notices and updates continuously about what’s happening before the UFC 257 happens.

How to watch UFC 257 Online from anywhere?

If you are posing this inquiry, the appropriate response is YES and NO. The NO answer arises if you are outside the zone of the inclusion of your administration. For example, you are utilizing ESPN+ administration that is just accessible in the US. You won’t have the option to utilize the administration in Asian nations because of the geo-limitation strategy.

It won’t be astounding on the off chance that you are encountering the power outage on the off chance that you are utilizing your ESPN+ account outside the nation. Yet, it isn’t generally an impasse. You can at present outfox the framework and gain admittance to your administration.

Here is the place where the VPN administration enters to help. VPN – Virtual Private Organization administration permits you to associate with the alluring nation worker which you can use to open the homegrown help in the other nation. Along these lines, for example, you can interface with the US worker to open the ESPN+ administration on the off chance that you are in the Asian nations.

Seeing how the VPN functions are exceptionally simple. Every one of the VPN suppliers has their advisers for telling you the best way to utilize their administrations to unblock the live real time features in different nations. Zero in on top quality VPN administrations and you’re all set.

ExpressVPN

ExpressVPN is one of the famous VPN. You can use this VPN in various operating systems like Windows, Mac, iOS, Android, Linux, etc. You can connect your device to over 100 locations by 2000 servers through ExpressVPN. If you want to subscribe to a monthly plan, you have to pay $8.32 which is very costly. By using a random server of CANADA, you can also access the DAZN app through ExpressVPN. You can use it to enjoy UFC 257 Live.

ExpressVPN has three subscription options: $12.95 billed each month, $59.95 billed every six months, and $99.95 billed annually. Like most services, the only difference is for how long you commit. The company accepts payment by all major credit cards, PayPal, and other services such as Alipay and WebMoney.

[lasclsave]

Using an integrisign desktop with pdf 10 pro

USING AN INTEGRISIGN DESKTOP WITH PDF 10 PRO HOW TO

USING AN INTEGRISIGN DESKTOP WITH PDF 10 PRO PDF

USING AN INTEGRISIGN DESKTOP WITH PDF 10 PRO PDF DOWNLOAD

USING AN INTEGRISIGN DESKTOP WITH PDF 10 PRO MP4

Option Three: Open Folder, Library, or Drive in New Windows from File Menu in File Explorer.Option Two: Open Folder, Library, or Drive in New Window using Keyboard Shortcut.Option One: Open Folder, Library, or Drive in New Window using Context Menu.Open Each Folder in Same or New Window in Windows 10 It automatically opens a blank document, but if you want to open another one, then click the FILE tab. › Mohabbat Lafz Hai Lekin Novel By Haya Bukhari PdfįAQ? How do you open a new text document?.

USING AN INTEGRISIGN DESKTOP WITH PDF 10 PRO MP4

› User Guide For Trekstor Mp3 Mp4 Player Free Instruction.

USING AN INTEGRISIGN DESKTOP WITH PDF 10 PRO HOW TO

› How To Save Bookmarks In Chrome On Iphone Or Ipad.

USING AN INTEGRISIGN DESKTOP WITH PDF 10 PRO PDF

› Mera Ishq Hai Tu Novel By Anaya Jaffry Complete Pdf.

› How To Secure Your Iphone And Ipad With Activation Lock.

› Download Softi Scan To Pdf Full Softi Scan To Pdf 236.

› Charging Station Iphone Apple Watch Docking Station Apple.

› Qurbat Novel By Zainab Pdf freeload.

› Download Just So You Know I Love You Daddy Book Pdf.

› How Long Can Unopened Contact Lenses Be Stored.

› Mohabbat Dil Kay Sehra Mein By Shazia Mustafa Download Pdf.

› Mera Ishq Farishton Jesa By Muhammad Fayyaz Mahi Pdf.

USING AN INTEGRISIGN DESKTOP WITH PDF 10 PRO PDF DOWNLOAD

› Jo Bache Hain Sang Samait Lo Pdf Download By Farhat Ishtiaq.

› Dasht E Aarzoo By Iqra Sagheer Ahmed Pdf Download Reading.

› Aaj Nahi To Kabhi Nahi Pdf Urdu Book freeload.

› Quickly Create A New Text Document Anywhere With The Right.

› Option To Create A New Text Document Is Missing From The.

› Create New Text Document Item Is Missing From Context Menu.

› How To Create A New Text Document On Your Windows.

Multi-monitor mode supports up to 16 monitors, with a maximum resolution of 4096 x 2048 per monitor. Both Standard and Datacenter editions of Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2012, & Windows Server 2016 support multi-monitor mode. When connecting to Windows 8.1, only computers that are running Windows 8.1 Professional or Enterprise can be connected to in multi-monitor mode. When connecting to Windows 7 computers, only computers that are running Windows 7 Enterprise or Ultimate can be connected to in multi-monitor mode. Support for multiple monitors is available when connecting from any Windows 7/8.1/10 computer, however, there are restrictions when connecting to a computer using multi-monitor mode. Launching RDP in this manner will auto-check the "Use all my monitors for the remote session" box and allow you to bypass the previous steps.

Alternatively, you can launch RDP from the command line and specify the multimon flag:.

If you would like this to be the default behavior for RDP, click on the "General" tab and click "Save" before connecting to your remote server. Click on the "Display" tab and tick the checkbox that reads "Use all my monitors for the remote session" Once this is selected, you can then click "Connect" and proceed with connecting to the server as normal. Open the Remote Desktop and click the "Options" button on the bottom left-hand corner of the window.

The first method is directly through the RDP interface.

Reconfiguring remote desktop protocol (RDP) for this is simple and can be done in one of two ways. With our Windows Dedicated Servers most clients manage things over remote desktop protocol (RDP) and we're often asked about using multiple monitors with RDP.ĭefault settings for connecting to a remote server are typically fine for most users, but those who require multiple monitors for their sessions, such as traders or system administrators, may need to configure RDP to use multiple monitors in their remote sessions. Posted by Karl Zimmerman, Last modified by Karl Zimmerman on 21 February 2019 02:38 PM

[loadllc674]

Office 2019 Funciona No Windows 7

Project 2019, Visio 2019, Access 2019, and Publisher 2019 are for Windows only. Office 2019 customers will get access to OneNote. For more details, see here. Compatible with Windows 10 or later. For complete requirements for PC and Mac, see system requirements. This plan works with Office 2019, Office 2016, and Office 2013.

Collaborate for free with online versions of Microsoft Word, PowerPoint, Excel, and OneNote. Save documents, spreadsheets, and presentations online, in OneDrive. Share them with others and work together at the same time.

Microsoft Office 2019 Funciona No Windows 7

Office 2019 Funciona No Windows 7 Bootable

Office 2019 For Windows 8

KMSAuto Net – last and free version of activator for Microsoft Office 2019 who can help you with activation in 2 minutes, becouse its easy to use for any user. KMSAuto Net works on the principle of corporate network operating systems. With this activation no network connection or phone calls are required. You need to establish communication with the KMS server issuing licenses. To configure the server launch, the KMS Auto Net emulator from Ratiborus is used. Our site is completely safe and free, therefore, in order not to infect your system, we advise you to download KMSAuto Net only here.

What will happen if you do not activate Office 2019?

Office 2019 will not be supported on Windows 7 or Windows 8.1, despite those operating systems being expected to remain in use until 2020 and 2023 respectively.

After 30 days, the Office programs will be in reduced functionality mode, which means they will only function as viewers. When Office is running in reduced functionality mode, most of the commands are not available. You cannot create new documents and cannot edit them. You will be able to print documents, but not save them.

What is KMSAuto Net activation for Office 2019?

According to the majority, it is the KMSAuto Net activator that is the most reliable and safe, because when using it, you can download and install system updates and more another functions . Microsoft Office 2019 protection mechanism has a built-in function to re-check activation (every 180 days). KMSAuto Net allows you to bypass this protection by creating a task at startup with the reactivation of the copy of Microsoft Office. The virtual server will be re-created, through which the pirated version of the office is activated.

You are given the opportunity to configure the activator in manual mode, if activation fails in the automatic version. KMSAuto Net is a “high intelligence” activator for the Office 2019, which allows you to select and save certain parameters for the computer on which it has already been launched and carried out activation. KMSAuto Net Portable is a powerful activator that allows you to use the licensed version of Microsoft Office 2019 for free and without restrictions.

Why is KMSAuto Net for Microsoft Office 2019 the best?

Fast activation;

Free download;

Activation any version of Office and Windows;

Fast downloading;

Any user easy can make activation in 2 minutes;

Instruction of using KMSAuto activator Microsoft Office 2019:

Turn off your Windows Defender and antivirus;

Download activator;

Extract all files (Password to archive —windows);

Open KMSAuto as an administrator;

Click “Activation” -> “Activate Office“;

Restart your PC;

Screenshot of Microsoft Office 2019 activated using KMSAuto:

Instruction in video :

https://load-files.net/videos/How%20to%20activate%20MS%20Office%202019%20with%20KMS%20Auto%20activator_%20%5BWorking%20in%202021%5D.mp4

Additional Information:

Auto – automatic mode, the activator goes through all possible ways to activate the operating system or software. The first suitable one is remembered and used later for subsequent activations. Creates a periodic task in the scheduler and runs through an installed service. This method is installed by default. If you need to reset the memorized activation method, you must switch between the rest of the KMSAuto operation modes, and then return to the automatic mode. Activation methods will be scanned again.

hook – an operation mode in which the activation parameters file is replaced with the changed ones in the file system. After the activation key is received and the license in the operating system is updated, the parameters file is returned to its original state. Later versions of the emulator use RAM to work with activation instead of physically overwriting the file.

winDivert – during the activation operation, a special activation driver is installed into the system together with the control program. This allows you to emulate a remote connection to a KMS server with the subsequent receipt of a license.

noAuto – manual configuration of the software for fine-tuning the activation parameters. Recommended for experienced users and operating system administrators.

TAP – operation mode using a virtual network driver and Ethernet interfaces.

-->

Important

Support for Windows 7 ended on January 14, 2020. Learn more

Microsoft 365 Apps is no longer supported on Windows 7.

If you're a home user running Office on Windows 7, see Windows 7 end of support and Office instead of reading this article.

Office 365 and Microsoft 365 are governed by the Modern Lifecycle Policy, which requires customers to stay current as per the servicing and system requirements for the product or service. This includes using Microsoft 365 Apps on a Windows operating system that is currently in support.

Using Microsoft 365 Apps on older, unsupported operating systems may cause performance and reliability issues over time. Therefore, if your organization is using Microsoft 365 Apps on devices running Windows 7, we strongly recommend your organization moves those devices to Windows 10.

Security updates will continue for Microsoft 365 Apps on Windows 7

Even though Windows 7 is no longer supported, we've decided to continue to provide you with security updates for Microsoft 365 Apps for the next 3 years, until January 2023. We're doing this to give you additional time to make the transition from using Microsoft 365 Apps on devices running Windows 7 to devices running a supported operating system, such as Windows 10. But, during that time, as long as the device is still running Windows 7, your installation of Microsoft 365 Apps won't receive any new features updates.

Important

Even with these security updates, Microsoft 365 Apps is no longer supported on Windows 7.

This information applies even if you have purchased Extended Security Updates (ESU) for Windows 7. After January 2020, security updates for Windows 7 are only available with ESU. For more information, see FAQ about Extended Security Updates for Windows 7.

How to manage Microsoft 365 Apps on Windows 7 after January 2020

Version 2002 is the last version of Microsoft 365 Apps that you can install on devices running Windows 7. Version 2002 is available in Current Channel, Semi-Annual Enterprise Channel (Preview), and Semi-Annual Enterprise Channel.

This means that if you want to continue to deploy and update Microsoft 365 Apps on devices that are running Windows 7, you need to use Version 2002. If you try to install a newer version of Microsoft 365 Apps, such as Version 2005, on a device running Windows 7, you'll receive an error message.

Note

You can continue to use a version of Microsoft 365 Apps earlier than Version 2002 on devices running Windows 7 if that version is still available. For example, you can continue to use Version 1908 of Semi-Annual Enterprise Channel until March 2021. To see the version available in each update channel of Microsoft 365 Apps, refer to the table in Update history for Microsoft 365 Apps.

To deploy or update Version 2002 on devices running Windows 7, you can keep using the same management tools that you're currently using, such as the Office Deployment Tool or Microsoft Endpoint Configuration Manager. Also, Microsoft 365 Apps can remain on the same update channel as before.

If Microsoft 365 Apps is configured to get updates directly from the Office Content Delivery Network (CDN) on the internet, Microsoft 365 Apps on devices running Windows 7 will be updated automatically to the most current release of Version 2002 for that update channel.

Guidance when using Configuration Manager for updates

If you use Configuration Manager and the Software Update management workflow to update installations of Microsoft 365 Apps, we recommend that you create a separate collection for your Windows 7 devices. Then, use a query rule to add members to the collection.

On the 2nd Tuesday of each month, a new update package for Version 2002 that is only for devices running Windows 7 will be made available in the Microsoft Update Catalog. There will be an update package for each architecture (x86 or x64). That update package can be used with whichever update channel of Microsoft 365 Apps you have deployed. There won't be separate update packages of Version 2002 for each update channel. For example, the same update package can be used to update a Current Channel or a Semi-Annual Enterprise Channel installation of Microsoft 365 Apps on devices running Windows 7.

In the Office 365 Updates node, you'll see entries like the following, where ##### will be replaced by the most current build number:

Microsoft 365 Apps Update for Windows 7 – Version 2002 for x64 based Edition (Build 12527.#####)

Microsoft 365 Apps Update for Windows 7 – Version 2002 for x86 based Edition (Build 12527.#####)

These update packages are configured to apply only to devices running Windows 7. These update packages can't be used to update Microsoft 365 Apps on devices running other supported operating systems, such as Windows 10.

If you use an automatic deployment rule (ADR), you should create a new rule for these update packages. Then, use the new rule for your collection that contains your Windows 7 devices. We recommend using the 'Title' property and searching for 'Microsoft 365 Apps Update for Windows 7' as well as the architecture you support. If you support both x86 and x64, you can include both updates in one Software Update Package as clients will apply the appropriate update. You should also check other existing ADRs to make sure they don't incorrectly try to apply these update packages, which are only for devices running Windows 7, to devices running other operating systems.

Extended availability of Version 2002

Version 2002 will be available until January 2023 and will receive security updates, as needed, during that time. For a list of security updates included in releases of Version 2002, see Release notes for Microsoft 365 Apps Security Updates.

Versions of Semi-Annual Enterprise Channel are available usually for only 14 months, but we're making an exception for Version 2002 in order to align with the availability dates of Windows 7 ESU. This extended availability for Version 2002 also applies to other update channels, such as Current Channel and Semi-Annual Enterprise Channel (Preview).

Microsoft Office 2019 Funciona No Windows 7

The extended availability of Version 2002 until January 2023 applies only to devices running Windows 7.

After moving Microsoft 365 Apps to a supported Windows operating system

After you move Microsoft 365 Apps to a supported Windows operating system, you can configure Microsoft 365 Apps to begin receiving newer versions and feature updates again. Since updates for Microsoft 365 Apps are cumulative, you'll receive all the feature updates that you missed while your device was running Windows 7.

If you're getting updates directly from the Office CDN on the internet, after the device is moved to a supported operating system, Microsoft 365 Apps will be updated automatically to the most current version available for that update channel and will start receiving new features again.

What about other versions of Office on Windows 7?

Non-subscription versions of Office used by organizations, such as Office Professional Plus 2016 or Office Standard 2013, will continue to be supported based on the Fixed Lifecycle Policy. To see specific end of support dates for non-subscription versions of Office, go to Search Product and Services Lifecycle Information.

Office 2019 Funciona No Windows 7 Bootable

Even if your version of Office is still supported, Windows 7 will no longer receive security updates after January 2020, leaving it vulnerable to security threats, unless you have ESU. We recommend that you move to a supported operating system, such as Windows 10.

Additional information

Office 2019 For Windows 8

This information also applies to the following products:

The subscription versions of the Project and Visio desktop apps. For example, if you have Project Plan 5 or Visio Plan 2.

Microsoft 365 Apps for business (previously named Office 365 Business), which is the version of Office that comes with some Microsoft 365 business plans, such as Microsoft 365 Business Premium.

For information about Windows Server 2008 R2, see Windows Server end of support and Microsoft 365 Apps.

For end of support dates for different versions of Office on various versions of Windows, see the Office configuration support matrix.

Other Microsoft resources are available to help you make the transition to using Microsoft 365 Apps on devices running Windows 10, including FastTrack and App Assure.

To discuss or learn more about end of support for Office versions, visit Microsoft Office End of Support on the Microsoft Tech Community.

If you're using Microsoft 365 Apps for enterprise on a device running Windows 7 or Windows Server 2008 R2, you'll continue to see Office 365 ProPlus under the Product Information section when you go to File > Account in an Office app, such as Word. If you're using Version 2002 of Microsoft 365 Apps for business, you'll see Microsoft 365 for business under the Product Information section.

[jocabwilhem]

Kingoroot for Windows

Kingroot Root for PC Windows: Kingroot for PC is the best Android rooting app that can root your Android device all in one click. The Kingo Root PC app gives you better-rooting options and gives you the fastest and easiest Android rooting experience. It provides the best and most efficient way to root any Android device with any click. With Kingo Root for Windows 8 PC app, you can use it as long as you can bypass the limitations of the Android device.

Rooting was once a difficult task but with the KingoRoot app, it has now become simpler and easier. This Windows PC rooting app does not require complicated procedures to root your Android device. Once rooted, you will be given superuser or administrative permission to modify the system application and device settings as you wish and make it work as you wish. You can unlock the hidden features of your Android device with the help of root. So with the help of KingoRoot to download the PC Windows 8 app, you will never face network or admin restrictions.

You can efficiently customize your Android smartphone and even have system files on the device with this tool. You will never be limited in accessing the entire Android device as it is rooted through the Kingo Root PC app.

Download Kingo Root for Windows 10 PC app, it takes a tap to root your Android device. Make your Android smartphone the way you want it to be like this tool. You can remove bloatware or pre-installed apps from your Android smartphone with this rooting request. You can delete or remove the apps that come with your device and free up your device space to install other apps. It is an efficient rooting solution that frees up your RAM, storage space, and apps that run in the background. With the KingoRoot PC Windows PC app, you can easily install, uninstall, and easily change the app and its settings. By doing all such things, you will enhance the performance of your device and you will get the best Android experience while rooting through the Kingo Root app. The rooting app increases the battery life of the device, locks the processor speed, and much more. With this app, you can customize the look of your Android device and it even includes custom ROMs and themes. Similar to the rooting process, specific applications or rooted applications can be run, and Kingo Root does the same for the Windows PC application. Since your Android device comes with a user-friendly interface, you only need to perform minimal operations to get rooted like this app. There are no more restrictions when performing a single-tap Android rooting via the KingoRoot app across your Windows PC.

Kingo Root for Windows - Specifications

Software - KingoRoot

Software Author Name - KingoRoot.org

Version - 5.0.1

License - Freeware

Software Categories - Productivity 

Supporting OS - Windows XP / Windows Vista / Windows 7 /  Windows 8 /  Windows 8.1 /  Windows 10 (32 Bit , 64 Bit )

File size 1.8 MB

Features of KingoRoot for Windows

Best Rooting Tool

Super-User Permissions

Uninstall Pre-Installed Apps

Saves Battery

Block Ads Intuitively

Backup Data

Related Apps of KingoRoot for Windows

iCalendar for PC - A great calendar app that lets you keep track of your schedules right from the Windows desktop platform.

ES File Explorer for PC  -  A great app that allows you to manage all your files and folders as much as possible.

PDF to Word Converter for PC - One of the most popular handling applications for easily converting PDF files to Word documents.

Send Anywhere for PC - It is the best file sharing application tool that allows its users to share files instantly across devices.

Screen Recorder for PC - A full-fledged screen recorder application tool that lets you easily record from the Windows desktop screen.

Versions of KingoRoot for PC

KingoRoot PC Free V 4.4.9

KingoRoot PC Free V 4.3.7

KingoRoot PC Free V 4.3.6

KingoRoot PC Free V 4.3.4

KingoRoot PC Free V 4.3.3

KingoRoot PC Free V 4.3.2

KingoRoot PC Free V 4.3.1

KingoRoot PC Free V 4.2.3

KingoRoot PC Free V 4.1.9

KingoRoot PC Free V 4.1.7

KingoRoot PC Free V 4.0

KingoRoot PC Free V 3.3

KingoRoot PC Free V 3.2

KingoRoot PC Free V 3.1

KingoRoot PC Free V 2.5

How to download Kingroot for PC using Bluestacks?

To access Kingo Root on a Windows computer, you need a Bluestacks emulator on your computer. Bluestacks is a popular Android emulator that helps you run all kinds of Android apps on your Windows OS device.

From its official website, download and install Bluestacks (www.bluestacks.com).Launch the Bluestacks app and enter your Google credentials (Gmail ID and password).

Simultaneously, open your web browser and download the latest version of the Kingo Root APK file from trusted third-party websites such as Apkmirror or Apkpure.

Now open the folder where you downloaded the KingoRoot apk file.

Right-click and open the downloaded file using the Bluestacks app.

Within minutes, the Kingo Root app will be installed on your Bluestacks emulator.

Launch the Kingo Root app from the emulator after installation, and experience all the advanced features of the Kingo Root for Windows app on your Windows computer.

[dailykhaleej]

Attackers can bypass fingerprint authentication with an ~80% success rate

For many years, the usage of fingerprints to authenticate customers to computer systems, networks, and restricted areas was largely restricted to massive and well-resourced organizations that used specialised and costly gear. That every one modified in 2013 when Apple launched TouchID. Inside a couple of years, fingerprint-based validation grew to become accessible to the plenty as laptop, telephone, and lock producers added sensors that gave customers an various to passwords when unlocking the gadgets.

Though hackers managed to defeat TouchID with a pretend fingerprint lower than 48 hours after the expertise was rolled out within the iPhone 5, fingerprint-based authentication over the previous few years has develop into a lot more durable to defeat. Right this moment, fingerprints are extensively accepted as a protected various over passwords when unlocking gadgets in lots of, however not all, contexts.

A really excessive likelihood

A research printed on Wednesday by Cisco’s Talos safety group makes clear that the choice isn’t appropriate for everybody—specifically those that could also be focused by nation-sponsored hackers or different expert, well-financed, and decided assault teams. The researchers spent about $2,000 over a number of months testing fingerprint authentication supplied by Apple, Microsoft, Samsung, Huawei, and three lock makers. The end result: on common, pretend fingerprints have been in a position to bypass sensors not less than as soon as roughly 80 % of the time.

The chances are based mostly on 20 makes an attempt for every system with the perfect pretend fingerprint the researchers have been in a position to create. The outcomes will not be absolutely relevant to Apple merchandise since they restrict customers to 5 makes an attempt earlier than asking for the PIN or password. Different merchandise examined permitted considerably extra and even an limitless variety of unsuccessful tries.

Tuesday’s report was fast to level out that the outcomes required a number of months of painstaking work, with greater than 50 fingerprint molds created earlier than getting one to work. The research additionally famous that the calls for of the assault—which concerned acquiring a clear picture of a goal’s fingerprint after which getting bodily entry to the goal’s system—meant that solely probably the most decided and succesful adversaries would succeed.

“Even so, this level of success rate means that we have a very high probability of unlocking any of the tested devices before it falls back into the PIN unlocking,” Talos researchers Paul Rascagneres and Vitor Ventura wrote. “The results show fingerprints are good enough to protect the average person’s privacy if they lose their phone. However, a person that is likely to be targeted by a well-funded and motivated actor should not use fingerprint authentication.”

The gadgets that have been probably the most inclined to pretend fingerprints have been the AICase padlock and Huawei’s Honor 7x and Samsung’s Observe 9 Android telephones, all of which have been bypassed 100 % of the time. Fingerprint authentication within the iPhone 8, MacBook Professional 2018, and the Samsung S10 got here subsequent, the place the success rate was greater than 90 %. 5 laptop computer fashions working Home windows 10 and two USB drives—the Verbatim Fingerprint Safe and the Lexar Jumpdrive F35—carried out the perfect, with researchers attaining a 0-percent success rate.

The chart beneath summarizes the outcomes:

Cisco Talos

The explanation for the higher outcomes from the Home windows 10 machines, the researchers mentioned, is that the comparability algorithm for all of them resided within the OS, and subsequently the end result was shared amongst all platforms. The researchers cautioned towards concluding that the zero success-rate for Home windows 10 gadgets and the USB drives meant they have been safer.

“We estimate that with a larger budget, more resources and a team dedicated to this task, it is possible to bypass these systems, too,” they wrote.

One different product examined—a Samsung A70—additionally attained a 0-percent failure rate, however researchers attributed this to the issue getting authentication to work even when it obtained enter from actual fingerprints that had been enrolled.

Defeating fingerprint authentication: A how-to

There are two steps to fingerprint authentication: capturing, wherein a sensor generates an picture of the fingerprint, and evaluation that compares the imputted fingerprint to the fingerprint that’s enrolled. Some gadgets use firmware that runs on the sensor to carry out the comparability whereas others depend on the working system. Home windows Hey included in Home windows 10, for instance, performs the comparability from the OS utilizing Microsoft’s Biometric Units Design Information.

There are three forms of sensors. Capacitive sensors use a finger’s pure electrical conductivity to learn prints, as ridges contact the reader whereas valleys don’t. Optical sensors learn the picture of a fingerprint through the use of a lightweight supply that illuminates ridges involved with the reader and reads them by means of a prism. Ultrasonic sensors emit an ultrasonic pulse that generates an echo that’s learn by the sensor, with ridges and valleys registering totally different signatures.

The researchers devised three methods for amassing the fingerprint of a goal. The primary is direct assortment, which entails a goal urgent a finger on a model of clay often called Plastiline. With that, the attacker obtains a unfavorable of the fingerprint. The second approach is to have the goal press a finger onto a fingerprint reader, akin to the type that’s used at airports, banks, and border crossings. The reader would then seize a bitmap picture of the print. The third is to seize a print on a consuming glass or different clear floor and take {a photograph} of it.

After the print is collected utilizing the print reader or picture strategies, sure optimizations are sometimes required. For prints recorded on a fingerprint reader, as an example, a number of pictures needed to be merged collectively to create a single picture that was massive sufficient to go for an actual fingerprint. Under is an instance of the method, carried out on fingerprints the FBI obtained from prohibition-era gangster Al Capone.

Prints captured on a glass after which photographed, in the meantime, needed to be touched up with filters to extend the distinction. Then the researchers used digital sculpting instruments akin to ZBrush to create a 3D mannequin based mostly on the 2D image.

Enlarge / The two-D picture is on the left; the 3-D mannequin is on the appropriate.

Cisco Talos

As soon as the fingerprint was collected from both a scanner or glass after which optimized, the researchers replicated them onto a mildew, which was created from both material glue or silicon. When working towards capacitive sensors, supplies additionally needed to embrace graphite and aluminum powder to extend conductivity.

To be efficiently handed off as an actual finger, the mildew needed to be a exact measurement. A variance of simply 1 % too huge or too small would trigger the assault to fail. This demand difficult the method, because the molds needed to be cured to create rigidity and take away toxins. The curing usually brought about the molds to shrink.

Casting the print onto a mildew was executed with both a 25-micron or 50-micron decision 3D printer. The previous was extra correct however required an hour to print a single mildew. The latter took half as lengthy however wasn’t as exact. As soon as researchers created a mildew, they pressed it towards the sensor to see if it handled the pretend print as the actual one enrolled to unlock the telephone, laptop computer, or lock.

The chart above displaying the outcomes tracks how numerous assortment strategies labored towards particular gadgets. In seven circumstances, direct assortment labored the perfect, and in just one case did a unique methodology—a fingerprint reader—carry out higher.

Making it work in the actual world

The upper success rate of direct assortment doesn’t essentially imply it’s the simplest assortment methodology in real-world assaults, because it requires that the adversary trick or pressure a goal to press a finger towards a squishy piece of clay. In contrast, acquiring fingerprints from print readers or from images of smudges on glass could also be higher since nation-state attackers might have an simpler time recovering print pictures from an airport or customs checkpoint or surreptitiously acquiring a consuming glass after a goal makes use of it.

One other risk is breaching a database of fingerprint knowledge, as hackers did in 2014 once they stole 5.6 million units of fingerprints from the US Workplace of Personnel Administration.

“The direct collection is always the better [option], because we directly have the mold (on the platiline),” Rascagneres, the Talos researcher, wrote in an e-mail. “The size is perfect; we don’t need a 3D printer. This is the more efficient approach. The two other collection methods also work, but with lower success as expected.”

The researchers balanced the stringent calls for of the assault with a comparatively modest funds of simply $2,000.

“The point of the low budget was to ensure the scenario was as realistic as possible,” Rascagneres told me. “We determined if we could do it for $2k then it was reasonably feasible. What we found was that while we could keep the price point low, the process of making functional prints was actually very complex and time consuming.”

The takeaway, the researchers mentioned, isn’t that fingerprint authentication is just too weak to be trusted. For most individuals in most settings, it’s completely high quality, and when dangers improve briefly—akin to when police with a search warrant come knocking on a door—customers can normally disable fingerprint authentication and fall over to password or PIN verification. On the similar time, customers ought to do not forget that fingerprint authentication is hardly infallible.

“Any fingerprint cloning technique is extremely difficult, making fingerprint authentication a valid method for 95 percent of the population,” Ventura, the opposite Talos researcher, wrote in an e-mail. “People that have a low risk profile and don’t need to worry about nation-state level threat actors are fine. The remaining 5 percent could be exposed and may want to take other precautions.”

from WordPress https://ift.tt/3c68VJx via IFTTT

[terabitweb]

Original Post from Trend Micro Author: Trend Micro

By Elliot Cao (Vulnerability Researcher) 

Last June, I disclosed a use-after-free (UAF) vulnerability in Internet Explorer (IE) to Microsoft. It was rated as critical, designated as CVE-2019-1208, and then addressed in Microsoft’s September Patch Tuesday. I discovered this flaw through BinDiff (a binary code analysis tool) and wrote a proof of concept (PoC) showing how it can be fully and consistently exploited in Windows 10 RS5.

A more in-depth analysis of this vulnerability is in this technical brief. Here’s an overview of the research.

What is CVE-2019-1208 about?

As mentioned, CVE-2019-1208 is a UAF vulnerability. This class of security flaws can corrupt valid data, crash a process, and, depending on when it is triggered, can enable an attacker to execute arbitrary or remote code. In the case of CVE-2019-1208, an attacker successfully exploiting this vulnerability could gain the same rights as the current user in the system. If the current user has administrative privileges, the attacker can hijack the affected system — from installing or uninstalling programs and viewing and modifying data to creating user accounts with full privileges.

What is the potential impact of CVE-2019-1208?

A more tangible attack scenario would entail attackers sending socially engineered phishing emails to unknowing users and tricking them into accessing a malicious website (containing an exploit for CVE-2019-1208) via Internet Explorer. Alternatively, an attacker can send spam emails with attachments containing an exploit for the vulnerability. These attachments can be a Microsoft Office document that has the IE rendering engine enabled, or application files embedded with an ActiveX control that, in turn, contains an exploit for the vulnerability. Attackers could also compromise and host an exploit on legitimate websites, like those that accept content or input (i.e., advertisements) from users.

Figure 1. Code flow of VbsJoin

How was CVE-2019-1208 uncovered?

My research started with BinDiff, when I was trying to compare the changes made on the functions in vbscript.dll, a module that contains the API functions for the VBScript engine, between May and June. I saw that there were fixes made via the SafeArrayAddRef, SafeArrayReleaseData, and SafeArrayReleaseDescriptor functions.

Probing further, however, and inspired by a vulnerability (CVE-2018-8373) I previously uncovered, I used VBScriptClass and was able to trigger a UAF issue through these steps:

arr = Array(New MyClass) — Create a SafeArray and save the VBScriptclass: MyClass in arr[0]:

Callback: arr = Array(0) — Join(arr) will trigger the MyClass ‘Public Default Property Get’ function callback. In this callback, create a new SafeArray to the variant arr. As shown in Figure 1, this new SafeArray is not protected by function SafeArrayAddRef. Thus, the normal code flow assumption is broken by this callback (as shown in Figure 1).

arr(0) = Join(arr) — When back from the ‘Public Default Property Get’ callback, the code flow in VbsJoin will call SafeArrayReleaseData and SafeArrayReleaseDescriptor to decrease the reference count of SafeArrayData and SafeArrayDescriptor. However, the new SafeArray is not protected by SafeArrayAddRef, and the reference count of SafeArrayData and SafeArrayDescriptor is 0. Therefore, the new SafeArray’s SafeArrayData and SafeArrayDescriptor will be freed in the functions SafeArrayReleaseData and SafeArrayReleaseDescriptor, also shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2. Snapshots of code showing arr = Array(New MyClass) in memory (top), arr = Array(0) in memory, and the callback (highlighted, bottom)

When saving the VbsJoin return value to arr(0), the PoC crashes in vbscript!AccessArray (Figure 3) because the SafeArrayDescriptor is freed and the Variant arr still saves the pointer of the freed SafeArrayDescriptor.

Figure 3. Snapshot of code showing how the PoC crashed in vbscript!AccessArray

Did the PoC successfully trigger UAF?

In a way, yes, but to a limited extent. To demonstrate how UAF can be fully triggered, I used basic string/binary string (BSTR) as the data structure. SafeArray is a multidimensional array, but since VbsJoin can only process a one-dimensional array, I changed the SafeArray dimensions in the callback. Unfortunately, it still didn’t work. It throws a runtime error that says the array type does not match in Join. I used On Error Resume Next to bypass this runtime error. Figure 4 is the modified PoC.

Figure 4. Modified PoC that used On Error Resume Next

After getting 0x20 bytes of freed memory, I used BSTR whose size is 0x20 bytes to fake a big-size SafeArray. By using heap feng shui, this BSTR can reuse the 0x20 bytes freed memory stably. As shown in Figure 5 (top), I finally got a fake, one-dimensional SafeArray whose element number is 0x7ffffffff and element size is 1 byte:

Figure 5. Faked SafeArray (top) and fixed address for read/write (bottom)

I was able to make a fake SafeArray that can be used to read/write memory from 0x00000000 to 0x7fffffff. To leak some read/write address for exploitation, I applied Simon Zuckerbraun’s previous research and used heap spray to give me some fixed read/write address (0x28281000), as seen in Figure 4 (bottom).

How can this UAF vulnerability lead to remote code execution?

I used the Scripting.Dictionary object to perform remote code execution (RCE) as explained in Simon Zuckerbraun’s blog, but used another method to make a fake Dictionary. This time, I used BSTR and carried these out, as shown in Figure 6:

Use a read/write memory function to read the original Dictionary memory, save its data to one BSTR, and replace VBADictionary::Exists to kernel32!Winexec.

Write the Winexec parameter (..calc.exe) to this BSTR.

Save this BSTR to util_memory + 0x1000, and modify ‘util_memory + 0x1000 – 8 = 9’ to make fake_array(util_memory + 0x1000) to be an object.

Use fake_array(util_memory + &h1000).Exists “dummy” to trigger the function Winexec.

Figure 6. Faked Dictionary memory layout Figure 7. Successfully carrying out RCE

What does this vulnerability mean for IE?

On August 13, 2019, VBScript, which has already been disabled in Windows 10, was disabled for Internet Explorer 11 in Windows 7, 8, and 8.1. Therefore, the PoC detailed here was developed in local mode. But as Microsoft says, this setting can still be enabled via Registry or Group Policy. All the same, users and organizations should always adopt best practices: Keep systems patched and updated, disable components if they are not needed (or restrict use), and foster cybersecurity awareness on vectors that may be used by attackers, such as spam emails and other socially engineered threats.

The complete details of the research are in this technical brief.

The post From BinDiff to Zero-Day: A Proof of Concept Exploiting CVE-2019-1208 in Internet Explorer appeared first on .

#gallery-0-6 { margin: auto; } #gallery-0-6 .gallery-item { float: left; margin-top: 10px; text-align: center; width: 33%; } #gallery-0-6 img { border: 2px solid #cfcfcf; } #gallery-0-6 .gallery-caption { margin-left: 0; } /* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes/media.php */

Go to Source Author: Trend Micro From BinDiff to Zero-Day: A Proof of Concept Exploiting CVE-2019-1208 in Internet Explorer Original Post from Trend Micro Author: Trend Micro By Elliot Cao (Vulnerability Researcher)  Last June, I disclosed a…

[lindadennisblog]

CyberGhost VPN Premium 7.2.4 With Crack Full Keygen

Cyberghost Vpn Premium 7.2.4 Version

CyberGhost VPN Premium 7.2.4 Crack – is a powerful VPN software for anonymisation of your identity. This software helps you to bypasses the online restrictions and protect your privacy. This software will also make your connection more secure which can encrypt internet traffic between the system and internet service provider. CyberGhost VPN Keygen replaces your original IP address with fake IP address and protects your privacy. It can work with any Internet connection for surfing, communicating and sharing the data. This Vpn will allow you to surf when you are using a public WLAN network or hotspots.  This software will also prevent the other users who are monitoring your data transfer.

CyberGhost 7.2.4 VPN Premium provides a high-performance server with a secure network. It can help its users with 256-bit AES-encrypted online storage. We are also offering our premium users with a minimum bandwidth of 2000 kbit. It can support nearly all Internet connections such as WLAN, Internet cafes, UMTS, DSL, ISDN, and Modem. Cyberghost 7.2.4 VPN Premium is an online security provider with freedom of network privacy. The Internet makes the life more relaxed but at the user’s critical data is at risk. The hackers can steal your data. CyberGhost VPN 6 crack also keeps your data safe as well as secure. Many users are also using this software to prevent a new IP address.

Cyberghost Vpn Keygen Premium Unlocked Crack Full Download Free

CyberGhost VPN 7.2.4 Premium Crack is the latest version of Cyber VPN. It also provides a fastest P2P reliable servers which will allow the users to take advantages of numerous servers. CyberGhost VPN premium crack can enable you to navigate Internet activities with a secure VPN. It will also help to hide data transactions, location addresses, and user’s actions when online. For this purposes, the user has to make a CyberGhost VPN personal account after adding his personal information. After this, the user can get a CyberGhost VPN Keygen provided IP address. Then creating a private network with a single button will like a piece of cake.

CyberVPN 7.2.4 Premium Crack is more convenient software for Internet and web browsing using its server IP address. After connecting to the CyberGhost VPN, you can get a fake IP address other than the original one. It also can delete the browser cookies. There are two different servers, PPTP as well as the L2TP. CyberGhost VPN Key is available for both of these. You don’t need to buy a premium version for changing your IP address. You will also get some new features with this premium version. These new features will provide you with extra security as well as protection for your data from the hackers. This software can also open the blocked websites and increase the internet speed.

CyberGhost VPN 7.2.4 Premium With Keygen Free

CyberGhost VPN keygen help you to remove the browser’s cookies. It will also provide its users with a 100 per cent customizable VPN settings. CyberGhost VPN 7.2.4 Premium is an only software which helps you to protect your data from security theft. You will enjoy all aspects of this VPN experience with free manual controls. CyberGhost VPN 7.2.4 Premium also provides you with free Winzip Drivers Update Registration Key. We are also offering this premium version with a minimum bandwidth of 2000 kbit. This version can support nearly all Internet connections such as WLAN, Internet cafes, UMTS, DSL, ISDN, and Modem.

CyberGhost VPN 7.2.4 Premium Crack provides a high quality of your data protection. This VPN software is used all over the world to hide the identities of users. It is the most robust VPN software which can pass you through all Internet restrictions. It can let you surf anonymously and unblock any websites with your privacy. CyberGhost VPN Keygen also provides a robust set of tools to secure the internet connections. It will also encrypt the ISP’s Internet communications and ensures your privacy by changing the real IP address with the fake one. It will also help you to open the blocked webs, surf anonymously, track tampering with your internet connection and more. NordVPN Crack Full Version

Features Of CyberGhost VPN Premium

The application surfs anonymously online with three steps. Login, Connect and Surf Safe.

It provides a protected VPN by 256-bit AES encryption.

Encryption keys are available for your system so that no one can check your web activities.

Work as well as supports for almost any internet program.

Allows you to surf, communicate as well as data sharing.

The program removes the browser cookies, as well as history with a single click.

This freeware provides high-class protection against the spammers.

It supports all PC Internet connections. Such as WLAN, Internet cafes, UMTS, DSL, ISDN as well as the modem.

OpenVPN-based SSL encryption is available now.

Provides it be own account to access the primary interface.

This groupware hides your identity on the internet browsing.

Hides data transfer, location as well as user actions.

Provides 90,000 additional IP addresses on six continents.

Over 500 VPN servers.

Five simultaneous connections.

A professional anti-virus crack with multiple security tools.

The subprogram supports online customers and all operating systems.

It is using top-class 256-bit encryption technology.

Moreover, much more.

What’s New

Automatically resume subscription.

Many minor bugs can fix.

Secure Wi-Fi connections.

More locations are also available.

It offers an improvement of performance.

This program includes other enhancements.

Experience Ultimate Online Freedom

Secure your private data from Hackers.

Internet surfing with no tracking or censorship.

Native apps for Windows, macOS, Android as well as iOS devices.

Extremely easy to operate.

Activation Keys Of CyberGhost VPN

TTL-Y8E5V-LCALR-9RJEN-DF2Y8-7FPT9

TTL-BQA6W-HADG9-WBK3K-BUH9V-7MUCM

TTL-9IHA7-G4LX6-G99W5-GRP2W-T7SAX

TTL-F4P6Q-5L6L5-N4LK8-UNQAJ-X3SJR

TTL-5Y876-NTEQC-755P6-VJY9N-Y3EYX

TTL-6SVY7-CSHST-9UCQ2-HDRRX-LJ5GH

System Requirements

Operating System: Windows Vista, 7, 8, 8.1 and 10. (32-bit and 64-bit)

CPU: 1 GHz processor.

RAM: 256 MB.

Hard Disk: 200 MB free hard disk space.

Internet Connection: Yes.

Screen Resolution: 1024 x 600 display.

Microsoft .NET Framework: 3.5 SP1-4 6.2

How to Crack Register Or Activate CyberGhost VPN 7.2.4 Premium Version?

Uninstall any earlier installed build of Cyberghost.

Turn off internet connection.

Install the CyberGhost 7.2.4 Repack Preactivated.exe. (as administrator)

After installation, do not run CyberGhost 7.2.4 Premium.

Goto Run>Task Manager>stop CyberGhost Service.

Run the “services.msc”.

Stop CyberGhost 7.2.4 Service.

Delete “wyUpdate.exe” file from the installation directory.

Locate as well as delete “wyUpdate.exe” file.

Start the cyber ghost 7.2.4 Premium service.

Restart your system.

Enable the internet connection.

Run CyberGhost 6 VPN and Click “My account” option.

Create a new CyberGhost account.

After creating a free account, Open CyberGhost 6 and login.

The post CyberGhost VPN Premium 7.2.4 With Crack Full Keygen appeared first on Cracked Point.

from Cracked Point http://bit.ly/2UMe6G9 via IFTTT

[mindthump]

The New Old Age: Medicare Advantage Is About to Change. Here’s What You Should Know. https://ift.tt/2O4IQ2v

Supported by

the new old age

Medicare Advantage Is About to Change. Here’s What You Should Know.

Medicare Advantage plans will be allowed to cover adult day care, home modifications and other new benefits. But they may not be available to all enrollees every year.

By Paula Span

Image

CreditStephen Savage

Did you fall in the bathroom and fracture your hip? Medicare, if you have it, will pay thousands of dollars for surgery to repair the injury and thousands more for your resulting hospital stay and rehab in a nursing home.

But Medicare wouldn’t have paid $200 to have grab bars installed in your bathroom, or covered the cost of a $22-an-hour aide to assist you in the shower — measures that might have helped you avoid the accident.

For decades, public health experts, doctors, patients and families have lamented this narrow, often counterproductive approach to older Americans’ health care.

“You don’t want somebody with asthma rushing to the emergency room with a breathing problem that could have been prevented with an air conditioner,” said Tricia Neuman, who directs the Medicare policy program at the Kaiser Family Foundation. Yet Medicare covers costly emergency medicine, not window units.

That might start to change next year, though, for those enrolled in Medicare Advantage plans — about a third of those insured by Medicare. Officials announced this spring that they’d “reinterpreted” the definition of “supplemental benefits” for Medicare Advantage.

When Medicare’s open enrollment period begins on Oct. 15, the private insurers that underwrite Advantage plans — which already lure seniors with things traditional Medicare can’t cover, like eyeglasses, hearing aids and gym memberships — will be free to add a long list of new benefits.

[Like the Science Times page on Facebook. | Sign up for the Science Times newsletter.]

Among those the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services will now allow, if they’re deemed health-related: Adult day care programs. Home aides to help with activities of daily living, like bathing and dressing. Palliative care at home for some patients. Home safety devices and modifications like grab bars and wheelchair ramps. Transportation to medical appointments.

“This will potentially help people stay in their homes longer and not have to go to institutions,” Seema Verma, the C.M.S. administrator, said in an interview. “You could provide a simple device or a home modification that could mean the world to a patient, but plans weren’t allowed to do that in the past.”

In 2020, thanks to Congress, the list of possible benefits could expand still further. Incorporated in the budget signed by President Trump, the Chronic Act is intended to help people manage conditions like heart failure and diabetes, in part by authorizing telehealth programs. It, too, will work through Medicare Advantage.

These actions could represent substantial change. Dr. Diane Meier, a geriatrician who directs the Center to Advance Palliative Care at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York, called them “a tectonic plate shift.”

“What I find most fundamental is the recognition, by C.M.S. and Congress, that this bright line between ‘medically necessary’ and things necessary to maintain health — like proper nutrition and transportation to a doctor’s office — is an illusion,” she said.

“Failure to invest in simple things like safe housing and transportation means you will invest in hospitalization and emergency room visits” at far higher costs, she added.

Yet celebration may prove premature. Many questions remain about how insurers will respond to the legislative opening.

“We have concerns about where all this is heading,” said David Lipschutz, senior policy lawyer for the Center for Medicare Advocacy. “The scales really are being tipped in favor of Medicare Advantage, with unknown consequences.”

A primer: Medicare Advantage funnels federal dollars to private insurers — United Healthcare and Humana dominate the market — who must cover all Medicare services but can also dangle a number of bonus benefits.

Dentistry, for instance. Original Medicare doesn’t cover it, but with Medicare Advantage, “some plans cover cleaning,” Dr. Neuman said. “Some cover cleaning and extractions. Some might cover a crown every five years.” Now, such extras could expand.

The plans — including premiums and benefits — already vary widely. Enrollees pay the monthly Part B premium ($134 this year, though higher income people pay more) and may pay an additional Medicare Advantage premium. Last year, according to Kaiser Family Foundation analysis, that ran an average $36 a month, including Part D drug coverage.

So Medicare Advantage plans may appear cheaper than standard Medicare combined with Part D and a supplemental Medigap policy — though with co-pays, deductibles and drug formularies, they may not be.

“The key trade-off is that they generally operate with a restricted network of providers,” Dr. Neuman said. Most involve health maintenance or preferred provider organizations.

The proportion of Medicare beneficiaries who opt for these plans has climbed steadily, nonetheless, to 33 percent last year from about 16 percent in 2006. In 10 years, the Kaiser Family Foundation calculates, that figure will reach 42 percent.

“The Medicare Advantage program is very successful,” Ms. Verma said. “We see consistently high marks for satisfaction.”

Additional benefits could accelerate that growth, and Ms. Verma said she hoped they would.

“When people look at making a choice between enrolling in Medicare Advantage or the traditional program, they’re going to see this as a tremendous opportunity,” she predicted.

The immediate changes may be modest. Because C.M.S. announced its new rules in April, and insurers had to submit proposals last month, “there was very little time for the plans to mobilize,” said John Gorman, a consultant for many Medicare Advantage insurers. He expects more significant differences in 2020 and beyond.

And then?

What particularly troubles skeptics is that these intended improvements completely bypass most Medicare beneficiaries — the two-thirds who have stuck with traditional Medicare.

You can see why it’s played out this way. Funding for Medicare Advantage programs is capped: C.M.S. provides a set amount, which private insurers can use to provide whichever supplemental benefits they choose, theoretically stoking competition. Any increased costs will be borne by the plans and their enrollees, not the federal budget.

“Republicans have always been some of Medicare Advantage’s biggest boosters,” Mr. Gorman noted. “In effect, you’re shifting deficits onto the private sector.”

As for the remaining Medicare population, “advocates are hoping this provides a pathway to expanded services for all beneficiaries,” Dr. Neuman said.

But Ms. Verma said that could raise costs and would require Congressional action. Moreover, C.M.S. also relaxed the requirement that Advantage plans must provide the same services for all enrollees. Now, they can furnish benefits to those with certain health conditions, not to everyone.

Thus, a plan can tailor its offerings, providing adult day programs, say, only for people with dementia. “If you see a plan advertising certain supplemental services, that’s not necessarily a guarantee the services will be available to you,” Mr. Lipschutz said.

In fact, since the more flexible rules permit but don’t require any of these new benefits, and since insurers won’t reveal the particulars until October, it’s not yet clear what they will offer — or whether these changes might weaken traditional Medicare.

Advantage plans could provide certain benefits one year, then withdraw them the next, in the same way that drug coverage shifts. As for providers, “who’s in-network and who’s not changes by the minute,” Dr. Meier said.

Nationally, consumers interested in Advantage programs can choose from an average 21 plans, most offered through a handful of large insurers.

Once they enroll, few people ever switch. “People find it very tedious, and they have little confidence in their ability to understand how plans differ,” Dr. Neuman said.

Now, those choices will grow still more complicated. The independent counselors at the free State Health Insurance Assistance Programs should probably brace for waves of new clients.

“It’s all going to require experimentation,” Dr. Meier said.

Still, a move to more broadly support the health and well-being of an aging population could mark an important turning point.

“Could” is the key word. “It’s only a possibility,” Dr. Meier said. “But it wasn’t a possibility before.”

Correction: 

An earlier version of this article misstated the name of the institution at which Dr. Diane Meier works. It is the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, not the Mount Sinai School of Medicine.

A version of this article appears in print on , on Page D3 of the New York edition with the headline: New Medicare Advantage Perks, and Questions. Order Reprints | Today’s Paper | Subscribe

Advertisement

[thequeenofqueens-blog]

Things You Need to Know About Prenups

A prenuptial agreement, also be called an antenuptial agreement, or “prenup”, is a contract between two parties who are soon to be married. The usual purpose is to protect property rights.  As a Prenup Lawyer, I can tell you that these agreements must be in writing.

 It is best to draft with precise language that makes the intent of the parties clear.  When the agreement includes waiving of rights provided by statute, such as the statutory right to “take against the will”, then the agreement should specifically reference with clear language what statutory rights are being waived by the agreement.

 It is important that the circumstances surrounding the execution of the agreement show that the agreement was signed voluntarily, with full knowledge, that both parties had time to consider the agreement, and both parties knew that they could consult an attorney to represent their interests.  The best practices is to (if possible) require each party to have their own attorney.  In addition, the prenuptial agreement should be signed well before the marriage date instead of surprising one party just prior to the wedding date. A Court may inquire if the party had time to read and consider the agreement, if the party had independent counsel, or if there was coercion or undue influence as part of considering whether there is a defense such that the agreement was unconscionable or there was overreaching.

 A court may inquire if there was full and fair disclosure of all assets and of the effect of the agreement.  Good practice may include attaching an inventory of assets and the value of each asset to the agreement to provide full disclosure.   This is an area where one party often resists – full disclosure.  They just want a document that says something to the effect of “what is yours is yours and what is mine is mine” and to bypass disclosure.  Full disclosure makes the document less subject to attack in a divorce.

 Utah law gives a surviving spouse only four months to bring a legal action to contest an ante nuptial agreement after the death of his or her spouse. Affirmative defenses such as fraud or duress must be put in the legal pleading.

 A Court may find certain provisions of the prenup to be unconscionable at the time of divorce. This may be due to unforeseen circumstances such as a large change in the assets of one party.  A court may choose not to uphold provisions of the prenup that it finds unconscionable.

 Parties should be aware that modifications (postnuptial agreements) made after marriage which are more restrictive or harsh than the original agreement may be closely scrutinized by the Court.

Can I just get a packet of free divorce, dissolution, visitation or custody forms? Do I need a lawyer?

Many times people find themselves asking these questions.  At a minimum, you need to do some research.  Now that the internet has become an integral part of our lives, there is information available to a regular joe that we never had access to before.  Look around on the internet, get some information, and then ask yourself this question- If I’m wrong about this, can I live with the consequences?

Hindsight is always 20/20, but generally, the law expects us to live with the consequences of the agreements we make, for better or for worse.  Many times people sign forms from divorce or custody “packets” without the advice of a lawyer, reasoning that they can always go back to court later if they need to.  Unfortunately, people are sometimes shocked to find that they gave their ex-spouse or significant other sole custody of the children when they thought they were receiving shared parenting.  In the law, the WRITTEN words matter.   In addition, the law places the burden of understanding the legal meaning of the documents on the person who signs them.   The more you have to lose, the less you can afford to take chances.

You are rarely required to have a lawyer.  Generally, you are free to represent yourself in court.  In addition, you don’t always need a lawyer.  There are many things in family law that you can do without a lawyer.  For example, you do not need a lawyer to get a marriage license.  Most of the time, you do not need a lawyer to change your name.  You don’t need a lawyer to file for a protection order if you are a victim of domestic violence.  Many people are able to handle their legal matter to their satisfaction without an attorney.

If you are not sure if you need an attorney, consider arranging a consultation.  Remember, a consultation does not mean that you are agreeing to hire a lawyer.  It means that you are paying for a block of an attorney‘s time in order to ask questions and receive information about the law.  Some attorneys offer free consultations, many do not.  What is most important is the quality of information you receive during your consultation.  A consultation is not simply an “audition” for the lawyer.  You are entitled to receive information and answers during that consultation, even if you cannot afford to hire a lawyer.  The information you receive during this consultation will help you make some very important decisions.

Your time is valuable.  If you are going to take the time to meet with an attorney, you want to get all you can from that time.  Make a list of questions you would like to ask or topics you would like to discuss.  Take the time to take notes.  If you have previous court or administrative orders that in any way might relate to your case, bring a copy with you to the consultation.  Otherwise, the advice you receive may be useless because the attorney was not able to review your current court orders.  If you don’t have a copy of your court order, you can get one from the clerk of court in the county in which your orders were issued, or from the agency that issued the orders.  You will be receiving a lot of information in a short period of time, and you want to remember it all.

Free Initial Consultation with a Prenup Lawyer

When you need help with a prenuptial agreement, call Ascent Law for your free consultation (801) 676-5506. We want to help you.

Ascent Law LLC8833 S. Redwood Road, Suite CWest Jordan, Utah 84088 United StatesTelephone: (801) 676-5506

Ascent Law LLC

4.9 stars – based on 67 reviews

Recent Posts

Utah Divorce Lawyer on Divorce in Utah

Call a West Jordan Car Accident Lawyer

Bankruptcy Lawyer

Probate Lawyer

Real Estate Lawyer

Family Lawyer

Source: http://www.ascentlawfirm.com/things-you-need-to-know-about-prenups/

[jpkee-blog]

https://jpkee.com/pc-mobile/12-excellent-free-screen-sharing-remote-access-tools-you-havent-heard-of-yet/

12 Excellent, Free Screen Sharing & Remote Access Tools You Haven’t Heard Of Yet

Advertisement

Are you constantly being asked for computer help? Or perhaps you’re the one doing the asking. Either way, seeing and controlling screens remotely can save time and confusion on both ends.

Remote access programs aren’t just for helping someone or being helped with a computer problem, they can also be very beneficial in assisting in holding meetings over the computer without actually meeting in person.

We at MakeUseOf have covered article after article about remote access and screen sharing applications, but I’m going to consolidate some of the potentially less common ones that you may not have heard of. We have all likely heard of the popular programs in the game: TeamViewer Provide Remote Assistance And Host Meetings Using TeamViewer 7 Provide Remote Assistance And Host Meetings Using TeamViewer 7 As the internet becomes more evolved, more tools pop up to help each other out and spread information. There are quite a few products out there that make long distance presentations easy, while others can… Read More  and LogMeIn Join.me: The Simplest Way to Have a Web Conference Call Between Computers & Mobile Devices Join.me: The Simplest Way to Have a Web Conference Call Between Computers & Mobile Devices Your friend has called. They have a problem with their computer and are asking for your expertise. You want to help, but everything would be so much easier if you could see what’s on the… Read More . But perhaps it’s time to consider some equally solid contenders.

AnyDesk is perhaps the easiest remote desktop access tool 4 Effortless Screen Sharing Tools You Can Use Anytime 4 Effortless Screen Sharing Tools You Can Use Anytime Sharing your screen with your family or colleague can be painless. Use these four free screen-sharing tools to share your screen as quickly as possible without complicated installations. Read More for anyone in the world. It supports all of the major platforms, i.e. Windows, Mac, Linux, FreeBSD, Android, and iOS. And it’s the closest thing you will get to plug-and-play simplicity.

Features Within AnyDesk

The free version of AnyDesk offers all the goodies that any average joe would want. Obviously, you can remotely access the other person’s computer and see their screen. The address or namespace is usually confusing gibberish though. Here’s a pro tip: Hover the mouse cursor over your address to see an alternative 9-digit AnyDesk address number.

Positives

Connecting two devices via AnyDesk is dead easy. It supports audio and video transmission too, so you can talk as you help. The free version also lets you transfer files between the two devices, making it easy to access anything, anywhere.

Negatives

The free account supports only a 1:1 connection, which means only two devices at a time. The AnyDesk premium paid plans let you increase this capacity.

LiteManager is the most powerful of these free remote access tools. At the same time, it’s not a simple and easy interface. But when you get to control 30 PCs at any time, that’s a good enough compromise.

Features Within LiteManager

LiteManager has two different programs to install, on the server side and the viewer side. The viewer can access up to 30 PCs in the free version, and even more with the paid version. This makes LiteManager ideal for IT managers of small teams.

It supports Windows, macOS, Android, and iOS. Linux users can run the program with Wine How to Run Windows Apps & Games with Linux Wine How to Run Windows Apps & Games with Linux Wine Is there any way to get Windows software working on Linux? One answer is to use Wine, but while it can be very useful, it probably should only be your last resort. Here’s why. Read More . LiteManager also has a QuickSupport mode for no-installation connections. This mode is ideal for anyone who needs help and doesn’t have LiteManager already installed. The main program is better for system administrators.

Positives

No other free remote desktop tool supports so many PCs at a time. This makes LiteManager unique and a fantastic tool for a system administrator. Plus, it has almost every feature you can think of, like file transfers, drag-and-drop simplicity, event logs, and more.

Negatives

For admins, the only thing lacking in the free version is ticketing and a screen recorder. Those features are available with the paid version of LiteManager, but then again, there are better apps if you’re willing to pay.

Remote Utilities is a popular tool for remote access and screen sharing 7 Easy Screen-Sharing and Remote-Access Tools 7 Easy Screen-Sharing and Remote-Access Tools We show you 7 free tools that let you share a screen over the internet or gain remote access to a computer to troubleshoot technical issues. Read More . It’s quite powerful, bypassing firewalls and NAT devices. And it connects to many computers simultaneously. But it supports only Windows computers, while mobile apps only let you act as viewer.

Features Within Remote Utilities

Install the Remote Utilities “Host” program on the computers you want to access. Install the “Viewer” program on your PC. Connect the two via the IP address and you’re done. It couldn’t be simpler.

You can multi-task and control up to 10 PCs with the free version, and more if you’re willing to pay. In fact, that’s the only difference between free and paid versions of Remote Utilities—how many PCs you can control at a time. So if 10 is enough for you, you get all the features of a premium program for free.

Quick note, you’ll need to register and get a free license to run the program.

Positives

There are some excellent features in the free version of Remote Utilities that other programs offer in their paid versions only. For example, you get Address Book syncing, which is invaluable in a small office.

And it features unattended access, which means you can remotely manage a PC even when the owner isn’t at the workstation.

Negatives

How I wish Remote Utilities was available across more platforms, but it’s Windows only. That is really the only negative of this program.

Mikogo is another application which does both remote access and screen sharing. It supports Windows, Mac and Linux and is an excellent program for working in teams.

Features

  Not only does it do the basics such as chat and file transfer, but it also allows you to decide which applications are seen by the viewers when you’re presenting. There’s a whiteboard to create drawings and text, the interface is very intuitive and there’s an option to record.

Another thing I liked are the speech bubbles (which can be easily disabled) to help remind you of what all the features can do – they’re just nice to fall back on while still learning the program. I also like that while you are using the program, you can see in a small screen in the window what is being displayed on the other person’s screen.

Positives

Lots of great helpful features and multi-person connection makes it great for teams. No time restriction.

Negatives

Code in program cannot be copied and pasted, nor can the window be resized. Also note that each time the icon for the program is clicked a new window is created. I had to manually close out each one in the system tray.

Bottom Line

Like previously stated, Mikogo is great for groups of people, but it also can be used as a one-on-one tool. Although, it may be a little overkill to use to just help someone with their computer.

ShowMyPC is focused on screen sharing. With a fairly simple user interface and Windows, Mac and Linux compatibility, it makes a solid choice if all you’re looking for is to share your screen.

Features

In the free version the features include the ability to take and share screenshots, Android phone support, limited chat room whiteboard, limited application sharing, file transfer (no folder transfer), schedule meetings, one-hour password length, one-hour session duration and limited participants per meeting, which varies based on network traffic.

Positives

No installation – simply launch the application and run it.

Negatives

Be prepared for a popup window promoting premium services once the session is ended.

Bottom Line

ShowMyPC is certainly not my favorite. Its website isn’t the easiest to navigate around and it took me a while to find the “free” link – you can tell it’s not heavily promoted. That said, the interface of the program isn’t all that bad and makes it fairly easy to use and understand. Out of 5 stars I would give ShowMyPC a 3.5 star rating.

MingleView is a Windows based screen sharing program which is completely free and has no premium package upgrade. This means you won’t be bothered by popups when ending the session. It also has no installation process and can simply be downloaded and ran by clicking “Share” and then allowing it to download to your computer.

Feature-wise MingleView stands out quite nicely. As you can see in the list above, it allows unlimited participants and meeting hosting. Plus, you don’t need to register or sign up like many of the services here.

It claims to have the highest screen quality offered. The user interface is simple – a little too simple actually – and it is easy to figure out what to do, with only a few buttons. The peer to peer connection is secure and built over SSL. In addition, there’s no port forwarding or special firewall configuration that is required.

Positives

MingleView is fast, easy to use and any platform can view another desktop through the web-based platform.

Negatives

The downloadable file is Windows only.

Bottom Line

MingleView isn’t a bad alternative to some of the others, but I wouldn’t say it’s the best. I know some may say it’s not about interface, it’s about the features. But in my mind, the interface is a feature and MingleView just doesn’t seem to offer a very intuitive or clean-looking interface.

That said, the fact that it has the features that it has and is free is impressive and is certainly the one to go with if you are planning to host a large viewing party, just make sure you have Windows. Out of 5 stars I would give MingleView a 3 star rating.

ScreenLeap is completely web-based too and also only does screen sharing. However, I would have to say that out of all the web-based interfaces, ScreenLeap looks and works the nicest. It’s also easy to use – simply click the big large button that says “Share your screen now” and you’re good to go.

Features

Although, there aren’t many real features with ScreenLeap, its simplicity and excellent functionality should not be disregarded. But the main feature that it has is its ability to share the session several ways. There’s a link to copy and paste into any form of communication from IM to email to Facebook message. Or there is a code which you can copy or read off to the people you’re connecting with. You can also type in the email address or phone number that you wish to send the code to.

Positive

Very simple and straightforward. There are many ways to share the session invite depending on the person’s comfort level with different forms of technology. You also have the option to share different windows or the entire screen.

Also, no account or registration is needed, at all.

Negative

There really isn’t much negative with ScreenLeap when you consider that it isn’t a mainstream application, but a simple website. Although it’s, low featured, you can’t compare it to the Mikogo’s of the group.

Bottom Line

You might be thinking right now, that ScreenLeap blows MingleView out of the water, and you’re right. It does. It’s simple, it’s quick and it’s useful at what it does. I highly recommend it for simply sharing your screen and would give it a 4.5 out of 5 star rating.

SkyFex is an online remote access service. That means it too doesn’t require a download since it’s entirely browser-based. This also means that it’s accessible on all platforms, making it a nice choice for those who are looking for a easy tool to use to help clients or even just friends.

That said, SkyFex has a great commercial presence as it allows companies to customize the interface with their logo, color style and custom links, as well as being able to display a link to remote sessions right on the company’s website. This builds customer loyalty and just looks more professional – of course this isn’t free though.

Features

Aside for the non-free customization features, the web application itself is quite nice. First though, let’s start with the appearance of the account from the “Expert’s” point of view. The page is clean and simple. There is the option to add additional computers to be associated with the account. There are also several ways to connect with the client, either by ID, sending the link directly to the client or by email invitation.

While the session is running you have access to several tools such as system information, remote control, sending files, remote reboot, sharing your desktop, chat, and full screen mode. It’s also neat that when your right click, a message bubble will show where you are pointing to.

Positives

SkyFex has some great features within its free model. From remote control to seeing system info, you are surely to be satisfied with it.

Negatives

I didn’t think I would have said this at first, but there are some negatives with SkyFex. For one, you are only given a 30 minute window of time per session. To my knowledge though, you can start a new session with that same user after that and there shouldn’t be any issues.

Also, I found it puzzling that it required a browser plugin to be installed on the client’s end when the link was clicked. This might throw some users off if they aren’t aware of what a plugin is and even though it states that it’s adware/spyware free, they might still be a little suspicious. I know the person whom I tested this with was caught off guard by it, as many websites may claim to be malware free, but that doesn’t mean they are. Hopefully they trust your better judgment.

Bottom Line

Overall, SkyFex seems like an excellent tool. It has all the features you need, and hopefully it doesn’t take you more than 30 minutes to solve the issue, but it’s not a problem if it does (because we all know that rarely happens). One great advantage that SkyFex has over a local program is that you can access this anywhere simply by signing in. There’s no need to spend time downloading and installing a program if you are at a public computer trying to help someone. I give SkyFex a 4.5 out of 5 star rating.

Yugma SE For Skype is a screen sharing and conferencing application. It is especially great for teams and business professionals who want to have a meeting, but don’t have the time or luxury to do it in person. And because Skype is so common for most people to have, why not integrate with it and make everyone’s job easier?

Features

The Skype integration allows you as the presenter to import the contacts, allowing you to easily invite people right from the list.

There is a vast amount of features from being able to switch presenters, have a telephone conference via Skype, schedule meetings and use annotation and whiteboard tools. But that’s just the tip of the iceberg so check out the list below for the rest of the features.

It is important to note that Yugma SE For Skype only works for Windows and Mac, although Linux users can still participate in the meeting, they just can’t host it with the downloaded program.

Lastly, an amazing feature is that you can have up to 20 participants in one meeting at a time.

Positives

Well so far, I’ve listed all the positives of Yugma, so there really isn’t much more to share. The annotation is an excellent feature, and one of the highlights. It is a solid program with an easy to use interface that is not only intuitive, but productive as well and that is very important in a professional setting. The entire website as a whole is easy to navigate.

Negatives

Unfortunately, there are some. And not being fully compatible with Linux is the biggest one. The other negative is that the meeting has a time limit of 30 minutes and that is when the program is started. So hopefully everyone joins fairly quickly to get things taken care of.

Bottom Line

Yugma SE For Skype is a great addition to Skype and since most people already have the program, it makes coordinating with them a breeze. However, they do not need to have Skype open to participate in the meeting, but simply need to add their Skype email to the Email ID field. I give Yugma SE For Skype a 4 out of 5 star rating.

Three Other ToolsWorth Mentioning

There is a lot on MakeUseOf about Virtual Network Computing (VNC) and I’m going to contribute even more to it. TightVNC Is TightVNC Really More Tight Than Other VNC Clients? Is TightVNC Really More Tight Than Other VNC Clients? When it comes to remotely connecting to a desktop PC or a server, most people quickly opt for installing a VNC server. It’s fast, easy to configure, and best of all it’s absolutely free. Once… Read More  and UltraVNC, both of which have been mentioned on MakeUseOf are excellent free options for remote access via VNC. Both of these programs allow you to log into a computer, including yours at home while you’re away, and completely control the desktop.

The Google Chrome browser now comes with its own free extension for remote desktop access. It works on Windows, Mac, and Linux, and there are mobile apps for iOS and Android. It’s easy to set up and use from anywhere, and works nicely even on mobile data. Check out our full guide to control your PC with Chrome Remote Desktop Control Your PC From Anywhere Using Chrome Remote Desktop Control Your PC From Anywhere Using Chrome Remote Desktop Need to remotely control your PC from another device? Struggling with RDP, or services like LogMeIn? Well, we have the solution: Google Chrome! Let’s find out how to remote control a PC with Chrome. Read More .

What About Linux?

It seems like several programs don’t completely work with Linux (although UltraVNC does), so I’ve provided a few links from past MakeUseOf articles on this topic:

Which One Would You Pick?

There are certainly pros and cons of each service, but I feel that overall ScreenLeap, SkyFlex, Mikogo and CrossLoop are the best and shouldn’t be ignored.

What are your favorites in the list? Do you use them for remote support or face to face meetings?

  Signal Desktop Brings Secure Messaging to Your PC3 Email Pranks for Messing With Your Friends

!function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s)if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function()n.callMethod? n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments);if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n; n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0';n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0; t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0];s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)(window, document,'script','https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js');

fbq('init', '1039155796172671'); fbq('track', "PageView");

Source link

[lbcybersecurity]

WMImplant – A WMI Based Agentless Post-Exploitation RAT Developed in PowerShell

Just over one year ago (November 2015), I released WMIOps, a PowerShell script that enables a user to carry out different actions via Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) on the local machine or a remote machine. WMIOps can:

Start or stop a process.

Return a list of all running processes.

Power off, reboot, or log users off the targeted system.

Get a listing of all files within a directory.

Read a file’s contents.

…and more.

As I continued to develop WMIOps and use it during Mandiant Red Team Operations, I realized that it has some of the same capabilities that are in Remote Access Tools (RATs). WMIOps’s capabilities were in a state of disparate functions, but if I wove what existed along with new functionality, I could create a RAT. After months of development and internal testing, I’m happy to publicly release WMImplant.

WMImplant leverages WMI for the command and control channel, the means for executing actions (gathering data, issuing commands, etc.) on the targeted system, and data storage. It is designed to run both interactively and non-interactively. When using WMImplant interactively, it’s designed to have a menu of commands reminiscent of Meterpreter, as shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1: WMImplant main menu

Data Storage and Device Guard

After spending some time developing WMImplant, I ran into issues storing data on systems that used Device Guard, a Microsoft security feature added in Windows 10 and Server 2016. Even though this feature and these operating systems are not widely deployed today, I wanted WMImplant to support these systems since I expect Device Guard protected systems to become more common, especially at security-conscious organizations. Device Guard helps protect systems by employing (among other capabilities not detailed here):

Code Integrity Policies – When deploying Device Guard, administrators will create a code integrity policy (CIP) that explicitly defines what is allowed to run on the protected system. This granularity can range from file hash, file name, publisher, both file name and publisher, and much more. Administrators can create the CIP from a gold-imaged computer. Administrators can further enhance their CIP by preventing applications that provide attackers the ability to bypass Device Guard’s protections from running. Finally, administrators can use Group Policy Objects (GPO) to enable Device Guard, preventing executables or select scripts from running unless explicitly allowed, per the CIP.

PowerShell Constrained Language Mode – Device Guard auto-enrolls PowerShell into ConstrainedLanguage mode. Constrained Language mode restricts the cmdlets and data types that are allowed to run in PowerShell. In this mode, .NET methods are completely blocked unless they are an allowed data type.

On a Device Guard protected system, attackers cannot run custom executables, and the available PowerShell cmdlets are severely restricted. For example, simple functionality such as base64 encoding a string is not permitted within Constrained Language mode, as shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2: PowerShell Constrained Language mode blocking base64 encoding

At first, I designed WMImplant to use the Windows Registry for data storage, as described in Matt Graeber’s WMI research. However, after discussing using the Windows Registry for data storage with Matt Dunwoody (a Mandiant coworker), he suggested, “Why not also use WMI itself for storage?”

This conversation led me to research using WMI for data storage. I found a proof-of-concept for creating custom WMI properties (Figure 3) in FireEye’s report on WMI Offense, Defense, and Forensics.

Figure 3: Sample code from FireEye report on WMI Offense, Defense, and Forensics

However, after testing this code on a Device Guard protected system, I discovered that this wasn’t permitted within Constrained Language mode, as shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4: Constrained Language mode blocking WMI property creation

After some additional research, I found that within Constrained Language mode, users are able to create custom WMI classes. But, as evidenced by Figure 4, WMI property creation is not allowed, so this wouldn’t work for data storage. Therefore, my next thought was to store data in an existing WMI property. In order to leverage an existing WMI property, a few conditions would need to be present:

The property needs to be of type string.

The property needs to be writable.

The property needs to accept an arbitrary length of data.

Modifications to the property need to not blue screen or degrade use of the targeted system.

Most importantly, the property needs to be writable within Constrained Language mode.

I modified an existing PowerShell script to enumerate all WMI classes, find the properties of each class, check if each property is a string type, and determine if it is writable (the script is available here).

The script identified a list of candidate WMI properties, but for one reason or another, modifications to those that I initially tested resulted in “general failures”. Then, I came across a class I have not previously used: Win32_OSRecoveryConfiguration. This class has a property named “DebugFilePath”, which is the file path where Windows will place a memory dump after a computer failure, as shown in Figure 5.

Figure 5: Win32_OSRecoveryConfiguration’s DebugFilePath property

The DebugFilePath appears to only accept a file path, and the property should be limited to the length of a valid Windows paths (260 characters by default or 32k with LongPathsEnabled). In testing, however, I discovered that I could write an arbitrary string to the DebugFilePath property within Constrained Language mode without adversely affecting the targeted system. The final test was to determine how much data could be placed in the DebugFilePath property.

Figure 6: Data storage test within DebugFilePath

Figure 6 shows that the DebugFilePath property can store over 57 megabytes of data. This satisfied the data storage requirement for WMImplant, and future testing showed that the DebugFilePath property could store more than 250 megabytes of data. Additionally, using the DebugFilePath WMI property for data storage provides the side-benefits that it is easily retrievable and modifiable remotely.

This discovery shaped WMImplant’s command and control communications methodology. For commands issued by WMImplant that require data storage, the communication process is as follows:

Remotely query and obtain the original value for Win32_OSRecoveryConfiguration’s DebugFilePath property.

Use WMImplant to execute a command on the targeted system (such as ifconfig), encode the output, and store the encoded results in the DebugFilePath property.

Remotely query the targeted system’s DebugFilePath over WMI to receive the encoded results.

Decode the results and display them to the console.

Set the DebugFilePath property on the targeted system back to its original value.

This methodology for command and control communications minimizes the amount of time that the WMI property is modified from its original state.

WMImplant Usage

I’ve developed WMImplant for both interactive and non-interactive use. Users also have the ability to change the user account that is authenticating to the targeted machine. As shown in Figure 7, users can issue the “change_user” command, provide the username and password to use, and then all future commands through WMImplant will authenticate with the provided credentials.

Figure 7: Changing the current user context within WMImplant

The easiest way to use WMImplant is interactively; however, that isn’t always possible. RATs such as Meterpreter or Cobalt Strike’s Beacon allow users to load and execute PowerShell scripts, but both of those tools require non-interactive use. That is, the tools accept a command to run, execute it, and return the results. They do not allow the user to interact with the command while running, however. WMImplant includes a built-in command-line generating feature specifically for this use case. To generate a command-line, start WMImplant and specify the “gen_cli” command.

After issuing the “gen_cli” command, the user will be presented with the normal WMImplant menu and asked for the command to be run. WMImplant will then ask for any required information for the command specified. Once the user has provided everything that’s required, WMImplant will display the command-line command to run in a non-interactive manner, as shown in Figure 8.

Figure 8: “gen_cli” output

At this point, the user can load WMImplant within the RAT of choice, and copy and paste the command to run WMImplant non-interactively.

Another of WMImplant’s capabilities is the ability to run a PowerShell script on a remote machine and receive script output. This is performed through a multi-step process:

The attacking system queries the targeted system’s DebugFilePath property to obtain its original value.

The attacking system reads in the specified PowerShell script, encodes it, and stores it in the targeted system’s DebugFilePath property.

WMI spawns a PowerShell process on the targeted system that reads the DebugFilePath property, and decodes the PowerShell script.

The PowerShell process runs the user-specified function and stores the function output in a variable.

The data in the variable is encoded and stored in the DebugFilePath property, and the PowerShell process exits.

The attacking system makes an additional WMI query for the DebugFilePath value (currently storing the encoded data), decodes the data, and displays its contents to the console.

The attacking system replaces the encoded data with the original DebugFilePath property contents on the targeted system over WMI.

This multi-step process is demonstrated in Figure 9.

Figure 9: Remote PowerShell execution

While I’ve only talked about a limited number of WMImplant’s features, others include:

Setting/removing the “UseLogonCredential” Windows Registry value to enable credential caching.

Uploading/downloading files.

Enabling/disabling Windows Remote Management (WinRM) to remotely connect to and issue commands on a system using PowerShell.

Identifying users who have logged in to the targeted system.

Listing files by directory.

Reading file contents.

…and more.

I hope that WMImplant can help others as it has helped us on multiple assessments. If you notice any bugs, please let me know and I’ll be happy to get a fix pushed!

WMImplant can be downloaded here.

Thanks

I want to state that I wouldn’t have been inspired to work on this without the previous work of Matt Graeber, Willi Ballenthin, and Claudiu Teodorescu. Their work gave me a lot of great ideas that I was able to build upon when developing WMImplant.

from WMImplant – A WMI Based Agentless Post-Exploitation RAT Developed in PowerShell

[terabitweb]

Original Post from FireEye Author: Alyssa Rahman

This blog post originally appeared as an article in M-Trends 2019.

FireEye Mandiant red team consultants perform objectives-based assessments that emulate real cyber attacks by advanced and nation state attackers across the entire attack lifecycle by blending into environments and observing how employees interact with their workstations and applications. Assessments like this help organizations identify weaknesses in their current detection and response procedures so they can update their existing security programs to better deal with modern threats.

A financial services firm engaged a Mandiant red team to evaluate the effectiveness of its information security team’s detection, prevention and response capabilities. The key objectives of this engagement were to accomplish the following actions without detection:

Compromise Active Directory (AD): Gain domain administrator privileges within the client’s Microsoft Windows AD environment.

Access financial applications: Gain access to applications and servers containing financial transfer data and account management functionality.

Bypass RSA Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA): Bypass MFA to access sensitive applications, such as the client’s payment management system.

Access ATM environment: Identify and access ATMs in a segmented portion of the internal network.

Initial Compromise

Based on Mandiant’s investigative experience, social engineering has become the most common and efficient initial attack vector used by advanced attackers. For this engagement, the red team used a phone-based social engineering scenario to circumvent email detection capabilities and avoid the residual evidence that is often left behind by a phishing email.

While performing Open-source intelligence (OSINT) reconnaissance of the client’s Internet-facing infrastructure, the red team discovered an Outlook Web App login portal hosted at https://owa.customer.example. The red team registered a look-alike domain (https://owacustomer.example) and cloned the client’s login portal (Figure 1).

Figure 1: Cloned Outlook Web Portal

After the OWA portal was cloned, the red team identified IT helpdesk and employee phone numbers through further OSINT. Once these phone numbers were gathered, the red team used a publicly available online service to call the employees while spoofing the phone number of the IT helpdesk.

Mandiant consultants posed as helpdesk technicians and informed employees that their email inboxes had been migrated to a new company server. To complete the “migration,” the employee would have to log into the cloned OWA portal. To avoid suspicion, employees were immediately redirected to the legitimate OWA portal once they authenticated. Using this campaign, the red team captured credentials from eight employees which could be used to establish a foothold in the client’s internal network.

Establishing a Foothold

Although the client’s virtual private network (VPN) and Citrix web portals implemented MFA that required users to provide a password and RSA token code, the red team found a singlefactor bring-your-own-device (BYOD) portal (Figure 2).

Figure 2: Single factor mobile device management portal

Using stolen domain credentials, the red team logged into the BYOD web portal to attempt enrollment of an Android phone for CUSTOMERuser0. While the red team could view user settings, they were unable to add a new device. To bypass this restriction, the consultants downloaded the IBM MaaS360 Android app and logged in via their phone. The device configuration process installed the client’s VPN certificate (Fig. 13), which was automatically imported to the Cisco AnyConnect app—also installed on the phone.

Figure 3: Setting up mobile device management

After launching the AnyConnect app, the red team confirmed the phone received an IP address on the client’s VPN. Using a generic tethering app from the Google Play store, the red team then tethered a laptop to the phone to access the client’s internal network.

Escalating Privileges

Once connected to the internal network, the red team used the Windows “runas” command to launch PowerShell as CUSTOMERuser0 and perform a “Kerberoast” attack. Kerberoasting abuses legitimate features of Active Directory to retrieve service accounts’ ticketgranting service (TGS) tickets and brute-force accounts with weak passwords.

To perform the attack, the red team queried an Active Directory domain controller for all accounts with a service principal name (SPN). The typical Kerberoast attack would then request a TGS for the SPN of the associated user account. While Kerberos ticket requests are common, the default Kerberoast attack tool generates an increased volume of requests, which is anomalous and could be identified as suspicious. Using a keyword search for terms such as “Admin”, “SVC” and “SQL,” the consultants identified 18 potentially high-value accounts. To avoid detection, the red team retrieved tickets for this targeted subset of accounts and inserted random delays between each request. The Kerberos tickets for these accounts were then uploaded to a Mandiant password-cracking server which successfully brute-forced the passwords of 4 out of 18 accounts within 2.5 hours.

The red team then compiled a list of Active Directory group memberships for the cracked accounts, uncovering several groups that followed the naming scheme of {ComputerName}_Administrators. The red team confirmed the accounts possessed local administrator privileges to the specified computers by performing a remote directory listing of \ {ComputerName}C$. The red team also executed commands on the system using PowerShell Remoting to gain information about logged on users and running software. After reviewing this data, the red team identified an endpoint detection and response (EDR) agent which had the capability to perform in-memory detections that were likely to identify and alert on the execution of suspicious command line arguments and parent/ child process heuristics associated with credential theft.

To avoid detection, the red team created LSASS process memory dumps by using a custom utility executed via WMI. The red team retrieved the LSASS dump files over SMB and extracted cleartext passwords and NTLM hashes using Mimikatz. The red team performed this process on 10 unique systems identified to potentially have active privileged user sessions. From one of these 10 systems, the red team successfully obtained credentials for a member of the Domain Administrators group.

With access to this Domain Administrator account, the red team gained full administrative rights for all systems and users in the customer’s domain. This privileged account was then used to focus on accessing several high-priority applications and network segments to demonstrate the risk of such an attack on critical customer assets.

Accessing High-Value Objectives

For this phase, the client identified their RSA MFA systems, ATM network and high-value financial applications as three critical objectives for the Mandiant red team to target.

Targeting Financial Applications

The red team began this phase by querying Active Directory data for hostnames related to the objectives and found multiple servers and databases that included references to their key financial application. The red team reviewed the files and documentation on financial application web servers and found an authentication og indicating the following users accessed the financial application:

CUSTOMERuser1

CUSTOMERuser2

CUSTOMERuser3

CUSTOMERuser4

The red team navigated to the financial application’s web interface (Figure 4) and found that authentication required an “RSA passcode,” clearly indicating access required an MFA token.

Figure 4: Financial application login portal

Bypassing Multi-Factor Authentication

The red team targeted the client’s RSA MFA implementation by searching network file shares for configuration files and IT documentation. In one file share (Figure 5), the red team discovered software migration log files that revealed the hostnames of three RSA servers.

Figure 5: RSA migration logs from \ CUSTOMER-FS01 Software

Next, the red team focused on identifying the user who installed the RSA authentication module. The red team performed a directory listing of the C:Users and C: data folders of the RSA servers, finding CUSTOMER CUSTOMER_ADMIN10 had logged in the same day the RSA agent installer was downloaded. Using these indicators, the red team targeted CUSTOMER CUSTOMER_ADMIN10 as a potential RSA administrator.

Figure 6: Directory listing output

By reviewing user details, the red team identified the CUSTOMERCUSTOMER_ADMIN10 account was actually the privileged account for the corresponding standard user account CUSTOMERuser103. The red team then used PowerView, an open source PowerShell tool, to identify systems in the environment where CUSTOMERuser103 was or had recently logged in (Figure 7).

Figure 7: Running the PowerView Invoke-UserHunter command

The red team harvested credentials from the LSASS memory of 10.1.33.133 and successfully obtained the cleartext password for CUSTOMERuser103 (Figure 8).

Figure 8: Mimikatz output

The red team used the credential for CUSTOMERuser103 to login, without MFA, to the web front-end of the RSA security console with administrative rights (Figure 9).

Figure 9: RSA console

Many organizations have audit procedures to monitor for the creation of new RSA tokens, so the red team decided the stealthiest approach would be to provision an emergency tokencode. However, since the client was using software tokens, the emergency tokens still required a user’s RSA SecurID PIN. The red team decided to target individual users of the financial application and attempt to discover an RSA PIN stored on their workstation.

While the red team knew which users could access the financial application, they did not know the system assigned to each user. To identify these systems, the red team targeted the users through their inboxes. The red team set a malicious Outlook homepage for the financial application user CUSTOMERuser1 through MAPI over HTTP using the Ruler11 utility. This ensured that whenever the user reopened Outlook on their system, a backdoor would launch.

Once CUSTOMERuser1 had re-launched Outlook and their workstation was compromised, the red team began enumerating installed programs on the system and identified that the target user used KeePass, a common password vaulting solution.

The red team performed an attack against KeePass to retrieve the contents of the file without having the master password by adding a malicious event trigger to the KeePass configuration file (Figure 10). With this trigger, the next time the user opened KeePass a comma-separated values (CSV) file was created with all passwords in the KeePass database, and the red team was able to retrieve the export from the user’s roaming profile.

Figure 10: Malicious configuration file

One of the entries in the resulting CSV file was login credentials for the financial application, which included not only the application password, but also the user’s RSA SecurID PIN. With this information the red team possessed all the credentials needed to access the financial application.

The red team logged into the RSA Security Console as CUSTOMERuser103 and navigated to the user record for CUSTOMERuser1. The red team then generated an online emergency access token (Figure 11). The token was configured so that the next time CUSTOMER user1 authenticated with their legitimate RSA SecurID PIN + tokencode, the emergency access code would be disabled. This was done to remain covert and mitigate any impact to the user’s ability to conduct business.

Figure 11: Emergency access token

The red team then successfully authenticated to the financial application with the emergency access token (Figure 12).

Figure 12: Financial application accessed with emergency access token

Accessing ATMs

The red team’s final objective was to access the ATM environment, located on a separate network segment from the primary corporate domain. First, the red team prepared a list of high-value users by querying the member list of potentially relevant groups such as ATM_ Administrators. The red team then searched all accessible systems for recent logins by these targeted accounts and dumped their passwords from memory.

After obtaining a password for ATM administrator CUSTOMERADMIN02, the red team logged into the client’s internal Citrix portal to access the employee’s desktop. The red team reviewed the administrator’s documentation and determined the client’s ATMs could be accessed through a server named JUMPHOST01, which connected the corporate and ATM network segments. The red team also found a bookmark saved in Internet Explorer for “ATM Management.” While this link could not be accessed directly from the Citrix desktop, the red team determined it would likely be accessible from JUMPHOST01.

The jump server enforced MFA for users attempting to RDP into the system, so the red team used a previously compromised domain administrator account, CUSTOMER ADMIN01, to execute a payload on JUMPHOST01 through WMI. WMI does not support MFA, so the red team was able to establish a connection between JUMPHOST01 and the red team’s CnC server, create a SOCKS proxy, and access the ATM Management application without an RSA pin. The red team successfully authenticated to the ATM Management application and could then dispense money, add local administrators, install new software and execute commands with SYSTEM privileges on all ATM machines (Figure 13).

Figure 13: Executing commands on ATMs as SYSTEM

Takeaways: Multi-Factor Authentication, Password Policy and Account Segmentation

Multi-Factor Authentication

Mandiant experts have seen a significant uptick in the number of clients securing their VPN or remote access infrastructure with MFA. However, there is frequently a lack of MFA for applications being accessed from within the internal corporate network. Therefore, FireEye recommends that customers enforce MFA for all externally accessible login portals and for any sensitive internal applications.

Password Policy

During this engagement, the red team compromised four privileged service accounts due to the use of weak passwords which could be quickly brute forced. FireEye recommends that customers enforce strong password practices for all accounts. Customers should enforce a minimum of 20-character passwords for service accounts. When possible, customers should also use Microsoft Managed Service Accounts (MSAs) or enterprise password vaulting solutions to manage privileged users.

Account Segmentation

Once the red team obtained initial access to the environment, they were able to escalate privileges in the domain quickly due to a lack of account segmentation. FireEye recommends customers follow the “principle of least-privilege” when provisioning accounts. Accounts should be separated by role so normal users, administrative users and domain administrators are all unique accounts even if a single employee needs one of each. 

Normal user accounts should not be given local administrator access without a documented business requirement. Workstation administrators should not be allowed to log in to servers and vice versa. Finally, domain administrators should only be permitted to log in to domain controllers, and server administrators should not have access to those systems. By segmenting accounts in this way, customers can greatly increase the difficulty of an attacker escalating privileges or moving laterally from a single compromised account.

Conclusion

As demonstrated in this case study, the Mandiant red team was able to gain a foothold in the client’s environment, obtain full administrative control of the company domain and compromise all critical business applications without any software or operating system exploits. Instead, the red team focused on identifying system misconfigurations, conducting social engineering attacks and using the client’s internal tools and documentation. The red team was able to achieve their objectives due to the configuration of the client’s MFA, service account password policy and account segmentation.

#gallery-0-5 { margin: auto; } #gallery-0-5 .gallery-item { float: left; margin-top: 10px; text-align: center; width: 33%; } #gallery-0-5 img { border: 2px solid #cfcfcf; } #gallery-0-5 .gallery-caption { margin-left: 0; } /* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes/media.php */

Go to Source Author: Alyssa Rahman Finding Weaknesses Before the Attackers Do Original Post from FireEye Author: Alyssa Rahman This blog post originally appeared as an article in…

[terabitweb]

Original Post from FireEye Author: Sumith Maniath

Introduction

Malware authors attempt to evade detection by executing their payload without having to write the executable file on the disk. One of the most commonly seen techniques of this “fileless” execution is code injection. Rather than executing the malware directly, attackers inject the malware code into the memory of another process that is already running.

Due to its presence on all Windows 7 and later machines and the sheer number of supported features, PowerShell has been a favorite tool of attackers for some time. FireEye has published multiple reports where PowerShell was used during initial malware delivery or during post-exploitation activities. Attackers have abused PowerShell to easily interact with other Windows components to perform their activities with stealth and speed.

This blog post explores a recent phishing campaign observed in February 2019, where an attacker targeted multiple customers and successfully executed their payload without having to write the executable dropper or the payload to the disk. The campaign involved the use of VBScript, PowerShell and the .NET framework to perform a code injection attack using a process hollowing technique. The attacker abused the functionality of loading .NET assembly directly into memory of PowerShell to execute malicious code without creating any PE files on the disk.

Activity Summary

The user is prompted to open a document stored on Google Drive. The name of the file, shown in Figure 1, suggests that the actor was targeting members of the airline industry that use a particular aircraft model. We have observed an increasing number of attackers relying on cloud-based file storage services that bypass firewall restrictions to host their payload.

Figure 1: Malicious script hosted on Google Drive

As seen in Figure 2, attempting to open the script raises an alert from Internet Explorer saying that the publisher could not be verified. In our experience, many users will choose to ignore the warning and open the document.

Figure 2: Alert raised by Internet Explorer

Upon execution, after multiple levels of obfuscation, a PowerShell script is executed that loads a .NET assembly from a remote URL, functions of which are then used to inject the final payload (NETWIRE Trojan) into a benign Microsoft executable using process hollowing. This can potentially bypass application whitelisting since all processes spawned during the attack are legitimate Microsoft executables.

Technical Details

The initial document contains VBScript code. When the user opens it, Wscript is spawned by iexplore to execute this file. The script uses multiple layers of obfuscation to bypass static scanners, and ultimately runs a PowerShell script for executing the binary payload.

Obfuscation techniques used during different levels of script execution are shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4.

Figure 3: Type 1 obfuscation technique, which uses log functions to resolve a wide character

Figure 4: Type 2 obfuscation technique, which uses split and replace operations

This script then downloads and executes another encoded .vbs script from a paste.ee URL, as seen in Figure 5. Paste.ee is a less regulated alternative to Pastebin and we have seen multiple attacks using this service to host the payload. Since the website uses TLS, most firewall solutions cannot detect the malicious content being downloaded over the network.

Figure 5: Downloading the second-stage script and creating a scheduled task

The script achieves persistence by copying itself to Appdata/Roaming and using schtasks.exe to create a scheduled task that runs the VBScript every 15 minutes.

After further de-obfuscation of the downloaded second-stage VBScript, we obtain the PowerShell script that is executed through a shell object, as shown in Figure 6.

Figure 6: De-obfuscated PowerShell script

The PowerShell script downloads two Base64-encoded payloads from paste.ee that contain binary executable files. The strings are stored as PowerShell script variables and no files are created on disk.  

Microsoft has provided multiple ways of interacting with the .NET framework in PowerShell to enhance it through custom-developed features. These .NET integrations with PowerShell are particularly attractive to attackers due to the limited visibility that traditional security monitoring tools have around the runtime behaviors of .NET processes. For this reason, exploit frameworks such as CobaltStrike and Metasploit have options to generate their implants in .NET assembly code.

Here, the attackers have used the Load method from the System.Reflection.Assembly .NET Framework class. After the assembly is loaded as an instance of System.Reflection.Assembly, the members can be accessed through that object similarly to C#, as shown in Figure 7.

Figure 7: Formatted PowerShell code

The code identifies the installed version of .NET and uses it later to dynamically resolve the path to the .NET installation folder. The decoded dropper assembly is passed as an argument to the Load method. The resulting class instance is stored as a variable.

The objects of the dropper are accessed through this variable and method R is invoked. Method R of the .NET dropper is responsible for executing the final payload.

The following are the parameters for method R:

Path to InstallUtil.exe (or other .NET framework tools)

Decoded NETWIRE trojan

When we observed the list of processes spawned during the attack (Figure 8), we did not see the payload spawned as a separate process.  

Figure 8: Processes spawned during attack

We observed that the InstallUtil.exe process was being created in suspended mode. Once it started execution, we compared its memory artifacts to a benign execution of InstallUtil.exe and concluded that the malicious payload is being injected into the memory of the newly spawned InstallUtil.exe process. We also observed that no arguments are passed to InstallUtil, which would cause an error under normal execution since InstallUtil always expects at least one argument.

From a detection evasion perspective, the attacker has chosen an interesting approach. Even if the PowerShell process creation is detected, InstallUtil.exe is executed from its original path. Furthermore, InstallUtil.exe is a benign file often used by internal automations. To an unsuspecting system administrator, this might not seem malicious.

When we disassembled the .NET code and removed the obfuscation to understand how code injection was performed, we were able to identify Windows win32 API calls associated with process hollowing (Figure 9).

Figure 9: Windows APIs used in .NET dropper for process hollowing

After reversing and modifying the code of the C# dropper to invoke R from main, we were able to confirm that when the method R is invoked, InstallUtil.exe is spawned in suspended mode. The memory blocks of the suspended process are unmapped and rewritten with the sections of the payload program passed as an argument to method R. The thread is allowed to continue after changes have been made to the entry point. When the process hollowing is complete, the parent PowerShell process is terminated.

High-Level Analysis of the Payload

The final payload was identified by FireEye Intelligence as a NETWIRE backdoor. The backdoor receives commands from a command and control (C2) server, performs reconnaissance that includes the collection of user data, and returns the information to the C2 server.

Capabilities of the NETWIRE backdoor include key logging, reverse shell, and password theft. The backdoor uses a custom encryption algorithm to encrypt data and then writes it to a file created in the ./LOGS directory.

The malware also contains a custom obfuscation algorithm to hide registry keys, APIs, DLL names, and other strings from static analysis. Figure 10 provides the decompiled version of the custom decoding algorithm used on these strings.

Figure 10: Decompiled string decoding algorithm

From reversing and analyzing the behavior of the malware, we were able to identify the following capabilities:

Record mouse and keyboard events

Capture session logon details

Capture system details

Take screenshots

Monitor CPU usage

Create fake HTTP proxy

From the list of decoded strings, we were able to identify other features of this sample:

“POP3”

“IMAP”

“SMTP”

“HTTP”

“Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Windows Messaging Subsystem\Profiles\Outlook\”

“Software\Microsoft\Office\15.0\Outlook\Profiles\Outlook\”

“Software\Microsoft\Office\16.0\Outlook\Profiles\Outlook\”

  Stealing data from an email client

    “GoogleChromeUser DataDefaultLogin Data”

“ChromiumUser DataDefaultLogin Data”

“ComodoDragonUser DataDefaultLogin Data”

“YandexYandexBrowserUser DataDefaultLogin Data”

“Opera SoftwareOpera StableLogin Data”

“SoftwareMicrosoftInternet ExplorerIntelliFormsStorage2”

“vaultcli.dll: VaultOpenVault,VaultCloseVault,VaultEnumerateItem,VaultGetItem,VaultFree”

“select *  from moz_login”

  Stealing login details from browsers

  A complete report on the NETWIRE backdoor family is available to customers who subscribe to the FireEye Intelligence portal.

Indicators of Compromise

Host-based indicators:

dac4ed7c1c56de7d74eb238c566637aa

Initial attack vector .vbs file

Network-based indicators:

178.239.21.]62:1919

kingshakes[.]linkpc[.]net

  105.112.35[.]72:3575

homi[.]myddns[.]rocks

C2 domains of NETWIRE Trojan

FireEye Detection

FireEye detection names for the indicators in the attack:

Endpoint security

Exploit Guard: Blocks execution of wscript

IOC: POWERSHELL DOWNLOADER D (METHODOLOGY)

AV: Trojan.Agent.DRAI

Network Security

Backdoor.Androm

Email Security

Malicious.URL

Malware.Binary.vbs

Conclusion

Malware authors continue to use different “fileless” process execution techniques to reduce the number of indicators on an endpoint. The lack of visibility into .NET process execution combined with the flexibility of PowerShell makes this technique all the more effective.

FireEye Endpoint Security and the FireEye Network Security detect and block this attack at several stages of the attack chain.

Acknowledgement

We would like to thank Frederick House, Arvind Gowda, Nart Villeneuve and Nick Carr for their valuable feedback.

#gallery-0-5 { margin: auto; } #gallery-0-5 .gallery-item { float: left; margin-top: 10px; text-align: center; width: 33%; } #gallery-0-5 img { border: 2px solid #cfcfcf; } #gallery-0-5 .gallery-caption { margin-left: 0; } /* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes/media.php */

Go to Source Author: Sumith Maniath Dissecting a NETWIRE Phishing Campaign’s Usage of Process Hollowing Original Post from FireEye Author: Sumith Maniath Introduction Malware authors attempt to evade detection by executing their…

[terabitweb]

Original Post from FireEye Author: Sumith Maniath

Introduction

Malware authors attempt to evade detection by executing their payload without having to write the executable file on the disk. One of the most commonly seen techniques of this “fileless” execution is code injection. Rather than executing the malware directly, attackers inject the malware code into the memory of another process that is already running.

Due to its presence on all Windows 7 and later machines and the sheer number of supported features, PowerShell has been a favorite tool of attackers for some time. FireEye has published multiple reports where PowerShell was used during initial malware delivery or during post-exploitation activities. Attackers have abused PowerShell to easily interact with other Windows components to perform their activities with stealth and speed.

This blog post explores a recent phishing campaign observed in February 2019, where an attacker targeted multiple customers and successfully executed their payload without having to write the executable dropper or the payload to the disk. The campaign involved the use of VBScript, PowerShell and the .NET framework to perform a code injection attack using a process hollowing technique. The attacker abused the functionality of loading .NET assembly directly into memory of PowerShell to execute malicious code without creating any PE files on the disk.

Activity Summary

The user is prompted to open a document stored on Google Drive. The name of the file, shown in Figure 1, suggests that the actor was targeting members of the airline industry that use a particular aircraft model. We have observed an increasing number of attackers relying on cloud-based file storage services that bypass firewall restrictions to host their payload.

Figure 1: Malicious script hosted on Google Drive

As seen in Figure 2, attempting to open the script raises an alert from Internet Explorer saying that the publisher could not be verified. In our experience, many users will choose to ignore the warning and open the document.

Figure 2: Alert raised by Internet Explorer

Upon execution, after multiple levels of obfuscation, a PowerShell script is executed that loads a .NET assembly from a remote URL, functions of which are then used to inject the final payload (NETWIRE Trojan) into a benign Microsoft executable using process hollowing. This can potentially bypass application whitelisting since all processes spawned during the attack are legitimate Microsoft executables.

Technical Details

The initial document contains VBScript code. When the user opens it, Wscript is spawned by iexplore to execute this file. The script uses multiple layers of obfuscation to bypass static scanners, and ultimately runs a PowerShell script for executing the binary payload.

Obfuscation techniques used during different levels of script execution are shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4.

Figure 3: Type 1 obfuscation technique, which uses log functions to resolve a wide character

Figure 4: Type 2 obfuscation technique, which uses split and replace operations

This script then downloads and executes another encoded .vbs script from a paste.ee URL, as seen in Figure 5. Paste.ee is a less regulated alternative to Pastebin and we have seen multiple attacks using this service to host the payload. Since the website uses TLS, most firewall solutions cannot detect the malicious content being downloaded over the network.

Figure 5: Downloading the second-stage script and creating a scheduled task

The script achieves persistence by copying itself to Appdata/Roaming and using schtasks.exe to create a scheduled task that runs the VBScript every 15 minutes.

After further de-obfuscation of the downloaded second-stage VBScript, we obtain the PowerShell script that is executed through a shell object, as shown in Figure 6.

Figure 6: De-obfuscated PowerShell script

The PowerShell script downloads two Base64-encoded payloads from paste.ee that contain binary executable files. The strings are stored as PowerShell script variables and no files are created on disk.  

Microsoft has provided multiple ways of interacting with the .NET framework in PowerShell to enhance it through custom-developed features. These .NET integrations with PowerShell are particularly attractive to attackers due to the limited visibility that traditional security monitoring tools have around the runtime behaviors of .NET processes. For this reason, exploit frameworks such as CobaltStrike and Metasploit have options to generate their implants in .NET assembly code.

Here, the attackers have used the Load method from the System.Reflection.Assembly .NET Framework class. After the assembly is loaded as an instance of System.Reflection.Assembly, the members can be accessed through that object similarly to C#, as shown in Figure 7.

Figure 7: Formatted PowerShell code

The code identifies the installed version of .NET and uses it later to dynamically resolve the path to the .NET installation folder. The decoded dropper assembly is passed as an argument to the Load method. The resulting class instance is stored as a variable.

The objects of the dropper are accessed through this variable and method R is invoked. Method R of the .NET dropper is responsible for executing the final payload.

The following are the parameters for method R:

Path to InstallUtil.exe (or other .NET framework tools)

Decoded NETWIRE trojan

When we observed the list of processes spawned during the attack (Figure 8), we did not see the payload spawned as a separate process.  

Figure 8: Processes spawned during attack

We observed that the InstallUtil.exe process was being created in suspended mode. Once it started execution, we compared its memory artifacts to a benign execution of InstallUtil.exe and concluded that the malicious payload is being injected into the memory of the newly spawned InstallUtil.exe process. We also observed that no arguments are passed to InstallUtil, which would cause an error under normal execution since InstallUtil always expects at least one argument.

From a detection evasion perspective, the attacker has chosen an interesting approach. Even if the PowerShell process creation is detected, InstallUtil.exe is executed from its original path. Furthermore, InstallUtil.exe is a benign file often used by internal automations. To an unsuspecting system administrator, this might not seem malicious.

When we disassembled the .NET code and removed the obfuscation to understand how code injection was performed, we were able to identify Windows win32 API calls associated with process hollowing (Figure 9).

Figure 9: Windows APIs used in .NET dropper for process hollowing

After reversing and modifying the code of the C# dropper to invoke R from main, we were able to confirm that when the method R is invoked, InstallUtil.exe is spawned in suspended mode. The memory blocks of the suspended process are unmapped and rewritten with the sections of the payload program passed as an argument to method R. The thread is allowed to continue after changes have been made to the entry point. When the process hollowing is complete, the parent PowerShell process is terminated.

High-Level Analysis of the Payload

The final payload was identified by FireEye Intelligence as a NETWIRE backdoor. The backdoor receives commands from a command and control (C2) server, performs reconnaissance that includes the collection of user data, and returns the information to the C2 server.

Capabilities of the NETWIRE backdoor include key logging, reverse shell, and password theft. The backdoor uses a custom encryption algorithm to encrypt data and then writes it to a file created in the ./LOGS directory.

The malware also contains a custom obfuscation algorithm to hide registry keys, APIs, DLL names, and other strings from static analysis. Figure 10 provides the decompiled version of the custom decoding algorithm used on these strings.

Figure 10: Decompiled string decoding algorithm

From reversing and analyzing the behavior of the malware, we were able to identify the following capabilities:

Record mouse and keyboard events

Capture session logon details

Capture system details

Take screenshots

Monitor CPU usage

Create fake HTTP proxy

From the list of decoded strings, we were able to identify other features of this sample:

“POP3”

“IMAP”

“SMTP”

“HTTP”

“Software\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Windows Messaging Subsystem\Profiles\Outlook\”

“Software\Microsoft\Office\15.0\Outlook\Profiles\Outlook\”

“Software\Microsoft\Office\16.0\Outlook\Profiles\Outlook\”

  Stealing data from an email client

    “GoogleChromeUser DataDefaultLogin Data”

“ChromiumUser DataDefaultLogin Data”

“ComodoDragonUser DataDefaultLogin Data”

“YandexYandexBrowserUser DataDefaultLogin Data”

“Opera SoftwareOpera StableLogin Data”

“SoftwareMicrosoftInternet ExplorerIntelliFormsStorage2”

“vaultcli.dll: VaultOpenVault,VaultCloseVault,VaultEnumerateItem,VaultGetItem,VaultFree”

“select *  from moz_login”

  Stealing login details from browsers

  A complete report on the NETWIRE backdoor family is available to customers who subscribe to the FireEye Intelligence portal.

Indicators of Compromise

Host-based indicators:

dac4ed7c1c56de7d74eb238c566637aa

Initial attack vector .vbs file

Network-based indicators:

178.239.21.]62:1919

kingshakes[.]linkpc[.]net

  105.112.35[.]72:3575

homi[.]myddns[.]rocks

C2 domains of NETWIRE Trojan

FireEye Detection

FireEye detection names for the indicators in the attack:

Endpoint security

Exploit Guard: Blocks execution of wscript

IOC: POWERSHELL DOWNLOADER D (METHODOLOGY)

AV: Trojan.Agent.DRAI

Network Security

Backdoor.Androm

Email Security

Malicious.URL

Malware.Binary.vbs

Conclusion

Malware authors continue to use different “fileless” process execution techniques to reduce the number of indicators on an endpoint. The lack of visibility into .NET process execution combined with the flexibility of PowerShell makes this technique all the more effective.

FireEye Endpoint Security and the FireEye Network Security detect and block this attack at several stages of the attack chain.

Acknowledgement

We would like to thank Frederick House, Arvind Gowda, Nart Villeneuve and Nick Carr for their valuable feedback.

#gallery-0-5 { margin: auto; } #gallery-0-5 .gallery-item { float: left; margin-top: 10px; text-align: center; width: 33%; } #gallery-0-5 img { border: 2px solid #cfcfcf; } #gallery-0-5 .gallery-caption { margin-left: 0; } /* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes/media.php */

Go to Source Author: Sumith Maniath Dissecting a NETWIRE Phishing Campaign’s Usage of Process Hollowing Original Post from FireEye Author: Sumith Maniath Introduction Malware authors attempt to evade detection by executing their…